tuning fail

See
424f62327b

Thanks a lot for the fast support, amazing!

.gitignore

@@ -3,3 +3,7 @@ bak
 dump*
 rect*
 *profile
+*prof
+*lif
+*rle
+svgicons

Makefile

@@ -1,97 +1,9 @@
-# Copyright © 2024 Thomas von Dein
+.PHONY: all
-
+all:
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+	make -C src
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+	mv src/golsky .
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-
-#
-# no need to modify anything below
-tool      = golsky
-VERSION   = $(shell grep VERSION main.go | head -1 | cut -d '"' -f2)
-archs     = darwin freebsd linux windows
-PREFIX    = /usr/local
-UID       = root
-GID       = 0
-HAVE_POD := $(shell pod2text -h 2>/dev/null)
-#TAGS      = -tags=ebitenginedebug
-
-all: buildlocal
-
-
-buildlocal:
-	go build $(TAGS) -o $(tool)
-
-install: buildlocal
-	install -d -o $(UID) -g $(GID) $(PREFIX)/bin
-	install -d -o $(UID) -g $(GID) $(PREFIX)/man/man1
-	install -o $(UID) -g $(GID) -m 555 $(tool)  $(PREFIX)/sbin/
-	install -o $(UID) -g $(GID) -m 444 $(tool).1 $(PREFIX)/man/man1/
 
+.PHONY: clean
 clean:
-	rm -rf $(tool) coverage.out testdata t/out
+	make -C src clean
-
+	rm -f dump* rect*
-test: clean
-	mkdir -p t/out
-	go test ./... $(ARGS)
-
-testlint: test lint
-
-lint:
-	golangci-lint run
-
-lint-full:
-	golangci-lint run --enable-all --exclude-use-default --disable exhaustivestruct,exhaustruct,depguard,interfacer,deadcode,golint,structcheck,scopelint,varcheck,ifshort,maligned,nosnakecase,godot,funlen,gofumpt,cyclop,noctx,gochecknoglobals,paralleltest
-
-testfuzzy: clean
-	go test -fuzz ./... $(ARGS)
-
-singletest:
-	@echo "Call like this: make singletest TEST=TestPrepareColumns ARGS=-v"
-	go test -run $(TEST) $(ARGS)
-
-cover-report:
-	go test ./... -cover -coverprofile=coverage.out
-	go tool cover -html=coverage.out
-
-goupdate:
-	go get -t -u=patch ./...
-
-buildall:
-	./mkrel.sh $(tool) $(VERSION)
-
-release: buildall
-	gh release create $(VERSION) --generate-notes releases/*
-
-show-versions: buildlocal
-	@echo "### golsky version:"
-	@./golsky -V
-
-	@echo
-	@echo "### go module versions:"
-	@go list -m all
-
-	@echo
-	@echo "### go version used for building:"
-	@grep -m 1 go go.mod
-
-# lint:
-# 	golangci-lint run -p bugs -p unused
-
-buildwasm:
-	env GOOS=js GOARCH=wasm go build -o $(tool).wasm $(LDFLAGS) .
-
-zipwasm:
-	zip -r openquell-$(SHORTVERSION).zip index.html $(tool).wasm wasm_exec.js
-
-wasm: buildwasm zipwasm
-	@ls -l $(tool)-$(SHORTVERSION).zip

README.md

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-GPL-blue.svg)](https://github.com/tlinden/golsky/blob/master/LICENSE)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/tlinden/golsky)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/tlinden/golsky) 
 
-I wanted to play around a little bit with [**Conways Game of
+I wanted to play around a little bit with [**Conways Game of Life**](https://conwaylife.com/)
-Life**](https://conwaylife.com/)
 in golang and here's the  result. It's a simple game using
 [ebitengine](https://github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/).
 
@@ -14,6 +13,20 @@ John Conway himself: https://youtu.be/R9Plq-D1gEk?si=yYxs77e9yXxeSNbL
 
 Based on: https://youtu.be/FWSR_7kZuYg?si=ix1dmo76D8AmF25F
 
+# Screenshots
+[![golsky-mainmenu.png](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/256_golsky-mainmenu.png)](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/golsky-mainmenu.png)
+[![golsky-options.png](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/256_golsky-options.png)](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/golsky-options.png)
+[![golsky-bindings.png](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/256_golsky-bindings.png)](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/golsky-bindings.png)
+[![golsky-evolution-trace.png](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/256_golsky-evolution-trace.png)](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/golsky-evolution-trace.png)
+[![golsky-zoom.png](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/256_golsky-zoom.png)](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/golsky-zoom.png)
+[![golsky-debug.png](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/256_golsky-debug.png)](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/golsky-debug.png)
+[![golsky-capture.png](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/256_golsky-capture.png)](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/golsky-capture.png)
+[![golsky-captured.png](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/256_golsky-captured.png)](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/golsky-captured.png)
+[![golsky-dark-theme.png](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/256_golsky-dark-theme.png)](https://github.com/TLINDEN/golsky/blob/main/.github/assets/screenshots/golsky-dark-theme.png)
+
+
+[Youtube video game preview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEto6Oew16I)
+
 # Features
 
 * flexible parameters as grid and cell size
@@ -76,7 +89,10 @@ While it runs, there are a couple of commands you can use:
 * page up: speed up
 * page down: slow down
 * Mouse wheel: zoom in or out
-* move mouse while middle mouse button pressed: move canvas
+* move mouse while left mouse button pressed: move canvas
+* i: enter "insert" (draw) mode: use left mouse to set cells alife and right
+  button to dead. Leave with "space". While in insert mode, use middle mouse
+  button to drag grid.
 * r: reset to 1:1 zoom
 * escape: open menu
 * s: save game state to file (can be loaded with -l)

TODO.md

@@ -1,17 +1,51 @@
 - add all other options like size etc
+- add gif export
+- add toolbar (not working yet, see branch trackui)
+- only draw visible part of the world
+- print current mode to the bottom like pause, insert and mark
+- add https://www.ibiblio.org/lifepatterns/october1970.html
+- history: dont count age but do calc to get index to age tile based on cell age
+- maybe pre calc neighbors as 8 slice of pointers to neighboring cells to faster do the count
+  see various-tests/perf-2dim-pointers/: it's NOT faster :(
+- use an array of 8 pointers to neighbors. on edge just add either fake dead neighbors or the wrap around neighbors.
+- try arche ecs variant with either a component of the cells neighbors or using relations.
+- https://mattnakama.com/blog/go-branchless-coding/
+- add performance measurements, see:
+  DrawTriangles: https://github.com/TLINDEN/testgol
+  WritePixels:   https://github.com/TLINDEN/testgol/tree/wrpixels
+https://www.tasnimzotder.com/blog/optimizing-game-of-life-algorithm
+- pre-draw the grid separately to a cache grid image, then during
+  rendering, first draw the dead background, then the life cells, and
+  lastly the grid - if enabled. If disabled, there's be no gap between
+  the cells anymore.
+- Speed
+  https://conwaylife.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=3237
+  Look at try-pointers-and-cells branch, we're using pre-calculated
+  neighbor list of pointers to cells, but it's only a liiiiitle bit
+  better :(
 
-- changing options mid-game has no effect in most cases, even after a restart
 
-- Statefile loading does not work correclty anymore. With larger grids
+- Patterns:
-  everything  is empty.  With square  grids part  of the  grid is  cut
-  off. Smaller grids load though
 
-- Also  when loading a state  file, centering doesn't work  anymore, I
+A   Catagolue   textcensus   of,  say,   period-2   oscillators   from
-  think the geom calculation is overthrown by the parser func. So, put
+non-symmetrical soups can be found at
-  this calc into its own func and  always call. Or - as stated below -
-  put it onto camera.go and call from Init().
 
-- Zoom 0 on reset only  works when world<screen.  otherwise zoom would
+https://catagolue.hatsya.com/textcensus/b3s23/C1/xp2
-  be negative So, on Init() memoize  centered camera position or add a
+
-  Center() function  to camera.go.  Then on  reset calculate  the zoom
+The URL is made by just adding the prefix "text" to the word "census",
-  level so that the world fits into the screen.
+in any URL linked to from a Catagolue census page such as this one:
+
+https://catagolue.hatsya.com/census/b3s23/C1
+
+Format:
+https://conwaylife.com/wiki/Apgcode
+
+
+Collections:
+
+https://conwaylife.com/wiki/Pattern_of_the_Year
+https://www.ibiblio.org/lifepatterns/
+https://entropymine.com/jason/life/
+https://github.com/Matthias-Merzenich/jslife-moving
+https://conwaylife.com/ref/mniemiec/lifepage.htm
+https://conwaylife.com/wiki/Spaceship ff.

go.mod

@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895 // indirect
 	github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui v0.5.6 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui v0.5.8-0.20240608175527-424f62327b21 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/freetype v0.0.0-20170609003504-e2365dfdc4a0 // indirect
 	github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/mlange-42/arche v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tinne26/etxt v0.0.8 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240222234643-814bf88cf225 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -8,12 +8,16 @@ github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0 h1:HPZpl61edMGCEW6XK2nsR6+7AnJ3unUxpTZBkkIXn
 github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0/go.mod h1:ah1In8AOtksoNK6yk5z1HTJeUkC1Ez4Wk2idgGslMwQ=
 github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui v0.5.6 h1:qyJRU5j+lQo1lamxB48IBwMxMfz1xNb5iWUayCtA0Wk=
 github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui v0.5.6/go.mod h1:I0rVbTOUi7gWKTPet2gzbvhOdkHp5pJXMM6c6b3dRoE=
+github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui v0.5.8-0.20240608175527-424f62327b21 h1:dElhYGyf+FYY+makAndUQNOSDwFSFYyFWziPwQrPObY=
+github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui v0.5.8-0.20240608175527-424f62327b21/go.mod h1:I0rVbTOUi7gWKTPet2gzbvhOdkHp5pJXMM6c6b3dRoE=
 github.com/golang/freetype v0.0.0-20170609003504-e2365dfdc4a0 h1:DACJavvAHhabrF08vX0COfcOBJRhZ8lUbR+ZWIs0Y5g=
 github.com/golang/freetype v0.0.0-20170609003504-e2365dfdc4a0/go.mod h1:E/TSTwGwJL78qG/PmXZO1EjYhfJinVAhrmmHX6Z8B9k=
 github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4 h1:X+heODRQ3Ie9F9QFjm24gEZqQd5FSfR9XuT2XfHwgf8=
 github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4/go.mod h1:H2pHVgq29rfm5yeQ7jzWOM3VHsjo7/AyucODNLOhsVY=
 github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1 h1:bE/r8ZZtSv7l9gk6nU0mYx51aXrvnyb44892TwSaqS4=
 github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1/go.mod h1:nrhwO0FX/enq75I7Y7G8iN1ubpSGZEiA3v9e9GyRFlk=
+github.com/mlange-42/arche v0.13.0 h1:ef0fu9qC2KIr8wIlVs+CgeQ5CSUJ8A1Hut6nXYdf+xk=
+github.com/mlange-42/arche v0.13.0/go.mod h1:bFktKnvGDj2kP01xar79z0hKwGHdnoaEZR8HWmJkIyU=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 h1:iy+VFUOCP1a+8yFto/drg2CJ5u0yRoB7fZw3DKv/JXA=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
 github.com/tinne26/etxt v0.0.8 h1:rjb58jkMkapRGLmhBMWnT76E/nMTXC5P1Q956BRZkoc=

rle/rle.go

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func removeWhitespace(input string) string {
 }
 
 // Store a grid to an RLE file
-func StoreGridToRLE(grid [][]int64, filename, rule string, width, height int) error {
+func StoreGridToRLE(grid [][]bool, filename, rule string, width, height int) error {
 	fd, err := os.Create(filename)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -131,12 +131,12 @@ func StoreGridToRLE(grid [][]int64, filename, rule string, width, height int) er
 	for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
 		line := ""
 		for x := 0; x < width; x++ {
-			switch grid[y][x] {
+			char := "b"
-			case 0:
+			if grid[y][x] {
-				line += "b"
+				char = "o"
-			case 1:
-				line += "o"
 			}
+
+			line += char
 		}
 
 		// if first row is: 001011110, then line is now:

src/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# Copyright © 2024 Thomas von Dein
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+#
+# no need to modify anything below
+tool      = golsky
+VERSION   = $(shell grep VERSION main.go | head -1 | cut -d '"' -f2)
+archs     = darwin freebsd linux windows
+PREFIX    = /usr/local
+UID       = root
+GID       = 0
+HAVE_POD := $(shell pod2text -h 2>/dev/null)
+#TAGS      = -tags=ebitenginedebug
+
+all: buildlocal
+
+
+buildlocal:
+	go build $(TAGS) -o $(tool)
+
+install: buildlocal
+	install -d -o $(UID) -g $(GID) $(PREFIX)/bin
+	install -d -o $(UID) -g $(GID) $(PREFIX)/man/man1
+	install -o $(UID) -g $(GID) -m 555 $(tool)  $(PREFIX)/sbin/
+	install -o $(UID) -g $(GID) -m 444 $(tool).1 $(PREFIX)/man/man1/
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf $(tool) coverage.out testdata t/out
+
+test: clean
+	mkdir -p t/out
+	go test ./... $(ARGS)
+
+testlint: test lint
+
+lint:
+	golangci-lint run
+
+lint-full:
+	golangci-lint run --enable-all --exclude-use-default --disable exhaustivestruct,exhaustruct,depguard,interfacer,deadcode,golint,structcheck,scopelint,varcheck,ifshort,maligned,nosnakecase,godot,funlen,gofumpt,cyclop,noctx,gochecknoglobals,paralleltest
+
+testfuzzy: clean
+	go test -fuzz ./... $(ARGS)
+
+singletest:
+	@echo "Call like this: make singletest TEST=TestPrepareColumns ARGS=-v"
+	go test -run $(TEST) $(ARGS)
+
+cover-report:
+	go test ./... -cover -coverprofile=coverage.out
+	go tool cover -html=coverage.out
+
+goupdate:
+	go get -t -u=patch ./...
+
+buildall:
+	./mkrel.sh $(tool) $(VERSION)
+
+release: buildall
+	gh release create $(VERSION) --generate-notes releases/*
+
+show-versions: buildlocal
+	@echo "### golsky version:"
+	@./golsky -V
+
+	@echo
+	@echo "### go module versions:"
+	@go list -m all
+
+	@echo
+	@echo "### go version used for building:"
+	@grep -m 1 go go.mod
+
+# lint:
+# 	golangci-lint run -p bugs -p unused
+
+buildwasm:
+	env GOOS=js GOARCH=wasm go build -o $(tool).wasm $(LDFLAGS) .
+
+zipwasm:
+	zip -r openquell-$(SHORTVERSION).zip index.html $(tool).wasm wasm_exec.js
+
+wasm: buildwasm zipwasm
+	@ls -l $(tool)-$(SHORTVERSION).zip

src/camera.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+// this comes from the camera example but I enhanced it a little bit
+
 package main
 
 import (
@@ -12,6 +14,9 @@ type Camera struct {
 	ViewPort          f64.Vec2
 	Position          f64.Vec2
 	ZoomFactor        int
+	InitialZoomFactor int
+	InitialPosition   f64.Vec2
+	ZoomOutFactor     int
 }
 
 func (c *Camera) String() string {
@@ -32,15 +37,17 @@ func (c *Camera) worldMatrix() ebiten.GeoM {
 	m := ebiten.GeoM{}
 	m.Translate(-c.Position[0], -c.Position[1])
 
+	viewportCenter := c.viewportCenter()
+
 	// We want to scale and rotate around center of image / screen
-	m.Translate(-c.viewportCenter()[0], -c.viewportCenter()[1])
+	m.Translate(-viewportCenter[0], -viewportCenter[1])
 
 	m.Scale(
 		math.Pow(1.01, float64(c.ZoomFactor)),
 		math.Pow(1.01, float64(c.ZoomFactor)),
 	)
 
-	m.Translate(c.viewportCenter()[0], c.viewportCenter()[1])
+	m.Translate(viewportCenter[0], viewportCenter[1])
 	return m
 }
 
@@ -61,8 +68,14 @@ func (c *Camera) ScreenToWorld(posX, posY int) (float64, float64) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *Camera) Reset() {
+func (c *Camera) Setup() {
-	c.Position[0] = 0
+	c.Position[0] = c.InitialPosition[0]
-	c.Position[1] = 0
+	c.Position[1] = c.InitialPosition[1]
-	c.ZoomFactor = 0
+	c.ZoomFactor = c.InitialZoomFactor
+}
+
+func (c *Camera) Reset() {
+	c.Position[0] = c.InitialPosition[0]
+	c.Position[1] = c.InitialPosition[1]
+	c.ZoomFactor = c.ZoomOutFactor
 }

src/config.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	Width, Height, Cellsize, Density         int // measurements
 	ScreenWidth, ScreenHeight                int
 	TPG                                      int      // ticks per generation/game speed, 1==max
-	Debug, Empty, Invert, Paused, Markmode bool     // game modi
+	Debug, Empty, Paused, Markmode, Drawmode bool     // game modi
 	ShowEvolution, ShowGrid, RunOneStep      bool     // flags
 	Rule                                     *Rule    // which rule to use, default: B3/S23
 	RLE                                      *rle.RLE // loaded GOL pattern from RLE file
@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@ type Config struct {
 	Restart, RestartGrid, RestartCache       bool
 	StartWithMenu                            bool
 	Zoomfactor                               int
+	ZoomOutFactor                            int
 	InitialCamPos                            []float64
 	DelayedStart                             bool // if true game, we wait. like pause but program induced
+	Theme                                    string
+	ThemeManager                             ThemeManager
 
 	// for internal profiling
 	ProfileFile     string
@@ -41,16 +44,70 @@ type Config struct {
 
 const (
 	VERSION = "v0.0.8"
-	Alive   = 1
+	Alive   = true
-	Dead    = 0
+	Dead    = false
 
 	DEFAULT_GRID_WIDTH  = 600
 	DEFAULT_GRID_HEIGHT = 400
 	DEFAULT_CELLSIZE    = 4
-	DEFAULT_ZOOMFACTOR  = 150
+	DEFAULT_ZOOMFACTOR  = 400
 	DEFAULT_GEOM        = "640x384"
+	DEFAULT_THEME       = "standard" // "light" // inverse => "dark"
 )
 
+const KEYBINDINGS string = `
+- SPACE: pause or resume the game
+- N: while game is paused: forward one step
+- PAGE UP: speed up
+- PAGE DOWN: slow down
+- MOUSE WHEEL: zoom in or out
+- LEFT MOUSE BUTTON: use to drag canvas, keep clicked and move mouse
+- I: enter "insert" (draw) mode: use left mouse to set cells alife and right
+     button to dead. Leave with "space". While in insert mode, use middle mouse
+     button to drag grid.
+- R: reset to 1:1 zoom
+- ESCAPE: open menu, o: open options menu
+- S: save game state to file (can be loaded with -l)
+- C: enter mark mode. Mark a rectangle with the mouse, when you
+     release the mouse buttonx it is being saved to an RLE file
+- D: toggle debug output 
+- Q: quit game
+`
+
+func (config *Config) SetupCamera() {
+	config.Zoomfactor = DEFAULT_ZOOMFACTOR / config.Cellsize
+
+	// calculate the initial cam pos. It is negative if the total grid
+	// size  is smaller than  the screen  in a centered  position, but
+	// it's zero if it's equal or larger than the screen.
+	config.InitialCamPos = make([]float64, 2)
+
+	config.InitialCamPos[0] = float64(((config.ScreenWidth - (config.Width * config.Cellsize)) / 2) * -1)
+	if config.Width*config.Cellsize >= config.ScreenWidth {
+		// must be positive if world wider than screen
+		config.InitialCamPos[0] = math.Abs(config.InitialCamPos[0])
+	}
+
+	// same for Y
+	config.InitialCamPos[1] = float64(((config.ScreenHeight - (config.Height * config.Cellsize)) / 2) * -1)
+	if config.Height*config.Cellsize > config.ScreenHeight {
+		config.InitialCamPos[1] = math.Abs(config.InitialCamPos[1])
+	}
+
+	// Calculate  zoom out factor, which  shows 100% of the  world. We
+	// need to reverse math.Pow(1.01,  $zoomfactor) to get the correct
+	// percentage of  the world to show.  I.e: with  a ScreenHeight of
+	// 384px and a world of 800px the factor to show 100% of the world
+	// is  -75: math.Log(384/800) / math.Log(1.01).  The 1.01 constant
+	// is being used in camera.go:worldMatrix().
+
+	// FIXME: determine if the diff is larger on width, then calc with
+	// width instead of height
+	config.ZoomOutFactor = int(
+		math.Log(float64(config.ScreenHeight)/(float64(config.Height)*float64(config.Cellsize))) /
+			math.Log(1.01))
+}
+
 // parse given window geometry and adjust game settings according to it
 func (config *Config) ParseGeom(geom string) error {
 	// force a geom
@@ -72,41 +129,38 @@ func (config *Config) ParseGeom(geom string) error {
 	config.ScreenWidth = width
 	config.ScreenHeight = height
 
-	config.Cellsize = DEFAULT_CELLSIZE
+	//config.Cellsize = DEFAULT_CELLSIZE
-	config.Zoomfactor = DEFAULT_ZOOMFACTOR
-
-	// calculate the initial cam pos. It is negative if the total grid
-	// size  is smaller than  the screen  in a centered  position, but
-	// it's zero if it's equal or larger than the screen.
-	config.InitialCamPos = make([]float64, 2)
-
-	config.InitialCamPos[0] = float64(((config.ScreenWidth - (config.Width * config.Cellsize)) / 2) * -1)
-	if config.Width*config.Cellsize >= config.ScreenWidth {
-		// must be positive if world wider than screen
-		config.InitialCamPos[0] = math.Abs(config.InitialCamPos[0])
-	}
-
-	if config.Height*config.Cellsize > config.ScreenHeight {
-		config.InitialCamPos[1] = math.Abs(float64(((config.ScreenHeight - (config.Height * config.Cellsize)) / 2)))
-	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// check if we have  been given an RLE file to load,  then load it and
+// check if we have  been given an RLE or LIF file  to load, then load
-// adjust game settings accordingly
+// it and adjust game settings accordingly
 func (config *Config) ParseRLE(rlefile string) error {
 	if rlefile == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	rleobj, err := rle.GetRLE(rlefile)
+	var rleobj *rle.RLE
+
+	if strings.HasSuffix(rlefile, ".lif") {
+		lifobj, err := LoadLIF(rlefile)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
+		rleobj = lifobj
+	} else {
+		rleobject, err := rle.GetRLE(rlefile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		rleobj = rleobject
+	}
+
 	if rleobj == nil {
-		return errors.New("failed to load RLE file (uncatched module error)")
+		return errors.New("failed to load pattern file (uncatched module error)")
 	}
 
 	config.RLE = rleobj
@@ -132,25 +186,6 @@ func (config *Config) ParseRLE(rlefile string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// parse a state file, if given, and adjust game settings accordingly
-func (config *Config) ParseStatefile() error {
-	if config.Statefile == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	grid, err := LoadState(config.Statefile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load game state: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	config.Width = grid.Width
-	config.Height = grid.Height
-	config.Cellsize = config.ScreenWidth / config.Width
-	config.StateGrid = grid
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (config *Config) EnableCPUProfiling(filename string) error {
 	if filename == "" {
 		return nil
@@ -185,22 +220,23 @@ func ParseCommandline() (*Config, error) {
 		"game speed: the higher the slower (default: 10)")
 
 	pflag.StringVarP(&rule, "rule", "r", "B3/S23", "game rule")
-	pflag.StringVarP(&rlefile, "rle-file", "f", "", "RLE pattern file")
+	pflag.StringVarP(&rlefile, "pattern-file", "f", "", "RLE or LIF pattern file")
-	pflag.StringVarP(&config.Statefile, "load-state-file", "l", "", "game state file")
 
 	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.ShowVersion, "version", "v", false, "show version")
+	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.ShowGrid, "show-grid", "g", false, "draw grid lines")
+	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.ShowEvolution, "show-evolution", "s", false, "show evolution traces")
+
 	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.Paused, "paused", "p", false, "do not start simulation (use space to start)")
 	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.Debug, "debug", "d", false, "show debug info")
-	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.ShowGrid, "show-grid", "g", false, "draw grid lines")
 	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.Empty, "empty", "e", false, "start with an empty screen")
-	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.Invert, "invert", "i", false, "invert colors (dead cell: black)")
+
-	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.ShowEvolution, "show-evolution", "s", false, "show evolution traces")
+	// style
+	pflag.StringVarP(&config.Theme, "theme", "T", DEFAULT_THEME, "color theme: standard, dark, light (default: standard)")
+
 	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.Wrap, "wrap-around", "w", false, "wrap around grid mode")
 	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.UseShader, "use-shader", "k", false, "use shader for cell rendering")
 
 	pflag.StringVarP(&config.ProfileFile, "profile-file", "", "", "enable profiling")
-	pflag.BoolVarP(&config.ProfileDraw, "profile-draw", "", false, "profile draw method (default false)")
-	pflag.Int64VarP(&config.ProfileMaxLoops, "profile-max-loops", "", 10, "how many loops to execute (default 10)")
 
 	pflag.Parse()
 
@@ -214,17 +250,16 @@ func ParseCommandline() (*Config, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	err = config.ParseStatefile()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	// load  rule from commandline  when no  rule came from  RLE file,
 	// default is B3/S23, aka conways game of life
 	if config.Rule == nil {
 		config.Rule = ParseGameRule(rule)
 	}
 
+	config.SetupCamera()
+
+	config.ThemeManager = NewThemeManager(config.Theme, config.Cellsize)
+
 	//repr.Println(config)
 	return &config, nil
 }
@@ -234,12 +269,11 @@ func (config *Config) TogglePaused() {
 }
 
 func (config *Config) ToggleDebugging() {
-	fmt.Println("DEBUG TOGGLED")
 	config.Debug = !config.Debug
 }
 
-func (config *Config) ToggleInvert() {
+func (config *Config) SwitchTheme(theme string) {
-	config.Invert = !config.Invert
+	config.ThemeManager.SetCurrentTheme(theme)
 	config.RestartCache = true
 }
 
@@ -247,3 +281,11 @@ func (config *Config) ToggleGridlines() {
 	config.ShowGrid = !config.ShowGrid
 	config.RestartCache = true
 }
+
+func (config *Config) ToggleEvolution() {
+	config.ShowEvolution = !config.ShowEvolution
+}
+
+func (config *Config) ToggleWrap() {
+	config.Wrap = !config.Wrap
+}

src/game.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ type Game struct {
 	CurrentScene                                    SceneName
 	Config                                          *Config
 	Scale                                           float32
-	Screen                                          *ebiten.Image
 }
 
 func NewGame(config *Config, startscene SceneName) *Game {
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@ func NewGame(config *Config, startscene SceneName) *Game {
 	game.Scenes[Play] = NewPlayScene(game, config)
 	game.Scenes[Menu] = NewMenuScene(game, config)
 	game.Scenes[Options] = NewOptionsScene(game, config)
+	game.Scenes[Keybindings] = NewKeybindingsScene(game, config)
 
 	// setup environment
 	ebiten.SetWindowSize(game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight)
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ func NewGame(config *Config, startscene SceneName) *Game {
 	ebiten.SetWindowResizingMode(ebiten.WindowResizingModeEnabled)
 	ebiten.SetScreenClearedEveryFrame(true)
 
-	game.Screen = ebiten.NewImage(game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight)
 	return game
 }
 
@@ -49,10 +48,14 @@ func (game *Game) Layout(outsideWidth, outsideHeight int) (int, int) {
 
 func (game *Game) Update() error {
 	scene := game.GetCurrentScene()
-	scene.Update()
+
+	if quit := scene.Update(); quit != nil {
+		return quit
+	}
 
 	next := scene.GetNext()
 	if next != game.CurrentScene {
+		game.Scenes[next].SetPrevious(game.CurrentScene)
 		scene.ResetNext()
 		game.CurrentScene = next
 	}

src/generics.go

@@ -10,3 +10,10 @@ func Contains[E comparable](s []E, v E) bool {
 
 	return false
 }
+
+func Exists[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V, v K) bool {
+	if _, ok := m[v]; ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}

src/grid.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/rand"
 	"os"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Grid struct {
-	Data                   [][]int64
+	Data                   [][]bool
 	Width, Height, Density int
 	Empty                  bool
 }
@@ -25,12 +24,12 @@ func NewGrid(width, height, density int, empty bool) *Grid {
 		Height:  height,
 		Width:   width,
 		Density: density,
-		Data:    make([][]int64, height),
+		Data:    make([][]bool, height),
 		Empty:   empty,
 	}
 
 	for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
-		grid.Data[y] = make([]int64, width)
+		grid.Data[y] = make([]bool, width)
 	}
 
 	return grid
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ func (grid *Grid) Copy(other *Grid) {
 func (grid *Grid) Clear() {
 	for y := range grid.Data {
 		for x := range grid.Data[y] {
-			grid.Data[y][x] = 0
+			grid.Data[y][x] = false
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ func (grid *Grid) FillRandom() {
 		for y := range grid.Data {
 			for x := range grid.Data[y] {
 				if rand.Intn(grid.Density) == 1 {
-					grid.Data[y][x] = 1
+					grid.Data[y][x] = true
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ func (grid *Grid) FillRandom() {
 func (grid *Grid) Dump() {
 	for y := 0; y < grid.Height; y++ {
 		for x := 0; x < grid.Width; x++ {
-			if grid.Data[y][x] == 1 {
+			if grid.Data[y][x] {
 				fmt.Print("XX")
 			} else {
 				fmt.Print("  ")
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ func (grid *Grid) LoadRLE(pattern *rle.RLE) {
 					x = colIndex + startX
 					y = rowIndex + startY
 
-					grid.Data[y][x] = 1
+					grid.Data[y][x] = true
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -113,30 +112,8 @@ func (grid *Grid) LoadRLE(pattern *rle.RLE) {
 	}
 }
 
-// save  the contents  of  the  whole grid  as  a  simple mcell  alike
+// load a lif file parameters like R and P are not supported yet
-// file. One line per row, 0 for dead and 1 for life cell.
+func LoadLIF(filename string) (*rle.RLE, error) {
-func (grid *Grid) SaveState(filename string) error {
-	file, err := os.Create(filename)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open state file: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-
-	for y := range grid.Data {
-		for _, cell := range grid.Data[y] {
-			_, err := file.WriteString(strconv.FormatInt(cell, 10))
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to write to state file: %w", err)
-			}
-		}
-		file.WriteString("\n")
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// the reverse of the above, load a mcell file
-func LoadState(filename string) (*Grid, error) {
 	fd, err := os.Open(filename)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -146,33 +123,60 @@ func LoadState(filename string) (*Grid, error) {
 
 	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanLines)
 
-	grid := &Grid{}
+	gothead := false
+
+	grid := &rle.RLE{}
 
 	for scanner.Scan() {
-		items := strings.Split(scanner.Text(), "")
+		line := scanner.Text()
-		row := make([]int64, len(items))
+		items := strings.Split(line, "")
+
+		if len(items) < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if strings.Contains(line, "# r") {
+			parts := strings.Split(line, " ")
+			if len(parts) == 2 {
+				grid.Rule = parts[1]
+			}
+
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if items[0] == "#" {
+			if gothead {
+				break
+			}
+
+			continue
+		}
+
+		gothead = true
+
+		row := make([]int, len(items))
 
 		for idx, item := range items {
-			num, err := strconv.ParseInt(item, 10, 64)
+			switch item {
-			if err != nil {
+			case ".":
-				return nil, err
+				row[idx] = 0
+			case "o":
+				fallthrough
+			case "*":
+				row[idx] = 1
+			default:
+				return nil, errors.New("cells must be . or o")
+			}
 		}
 
-			if num > 1 {
+		grid.Pattern = append(grid.Pattern, row)
-				return nil, errors.New("cells must be 0 or 1")
-			}
-
-			row[idx] = num
-		}
-
-		grid.Data = append(grid.Data, row)
 	}
 
 	// sanity check the grid
 	explen := 0
 	rows := 0
 	first := true
-	for _, row := range grid.Data {
+	for _, row := range grid.Pattern {
 		length := len(row)
 
 		if first {
@@ -195,10 +199,40 @@ func LoadState(filename string) (*Grid, error) {
 	return grid, nil
 }
 
+// save  the contents  of  the  whole grid  as  a  simple lif  alike
+// file. One line per row, 0 for dead and 1 for life cell.
+// file format: https://conwaylife.com/wiki/Life_1.05
+func (grid *Grid) SaveState(filename, rule string) error {
+	file, err := os.Create(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open state file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(file, "#Life 1.05\n#R %s\n#D golsky state file\n#P -1 -1\n", rule)
+
+	for y := range grid.Data {
+		for _, cell := range grid.Data[y] {
+			row := "."
+			if cell {
+				row = "o"
+			}
+
+			_, err := file.WriteString(row)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to write to state file: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+		file.WriteString("\n")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // generate filenames for dumps
 func GetFilename(generations int64) string {
 	now := time.Now()
-	return fmt.Sprintf("dump-%s-%d.gol", now.Format("20060102150405"), generations)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("dump-%s-%d.lif", now.Format("20060102150405"), generations)
 }
 
 func GetFilenameRLE(generations int64) string {

src/keybindings.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"image/color"
+
+	"github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui"
+	"github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui/widget"
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/inpututil"
+)
+
+type SceneKeybindings struct {
+	Game      *Game
+	Config    *Config
+	Next      SceneName
+	Prev      SceneName
+	Whoami    SceneName
+	Ui        *ebitenui.UI
+	FontColor color.RGBA
+	First     bool
+}
+
+func NewKeybindingsScene(game *Game, config *Config) Scene {
+	scene := &SceneKeybindings{
+		Whoami:    Keybindings,
+		Game:      game,
+		Next:      Keybindings,
+		Config:    config,
+		FontColor: color.RGBA{255, 30, 30, 0xff},
+	}
+
+	scene.Init()
+
+	return scene
+}
+
+func (scene *SceneKeybindings) GetNext() SceneName {
+	return scene.Next
+}
+
+func (scene *SceneKeybindings) SetPrevious(prev SceneName) {
+	scene.Prev = prev
+}
+
+func (scene *SceneKeybindings) ResetNext() {
+	scene.Next = scene.Whoami
+}
+
+func (scene *SceneKeybindings) SetNext(next SceneName) {
+	scene.Next = next
+}
+
+func (scene *SceneKeybindings) Update() error {
+	scene.Ui.Update()
+
+	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyEscape) || inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyQ) {
+		scene.Config.DelayedStart = false
+		scene.Leave()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
+
+func (scene *SceneKeybindings) IsPrimary() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (scene *SceneKeybindings) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
+	scene.Ui.Draw(screen)
+}
+
+func (scene *SceneKeybindings) Leave() {
+	scene.SetNext(Play)
+}
+
+func (scene *SceneKeybindings) Init() {
+	rowContainer := NewRowContainer("Key Bindings")
+
+	bindings := widget.NewText(
+		widget.TextOpts.WidgetOpts(widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(widget.RowLayoutData{
+			Stretch: true,
+		})),
+		widget.TextOpts.Text(KEYBINDINGS, *FontRenderer.FontSmall, color.NRGBA{0xdf, 0xf4, 0xff, 0xff}))
+
+	cancel := NewMenuButton("Back",
+		func(args *widget.ButtonClickedEventArgs) {
+			scene.Leave()
+		})
+
+	rowContainer.AddChild(bindings)
+	rowContainer.AddChild(cancel)
+
+	scene.Ui = &ebitenui.UI{
+		Container: rowContainer.Container(),
+	}
+
+}

src/menu.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
-	"os"
 
 	"github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui"
 	"github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui/widget"
@@ -14,10 +13,12 @@ type SceneMenu struct {
 	Game      *Game
 	Config    *Config
 	Next      SceneName
+	Prev      SceneName
 	Whoami    SceneName
 	Ui        *ebitenui.UI
 	FontColor color.RGBA
 	First     bool
+	Exit      bool
 }
 
 func NewMenuScene(game *Game, config *Config) Scene {
@@ -38,6 +39,10 @@ func (scene *SceneMenu) GetNext() SceneName {
 	return scene.Next
 }
 
+func (scene *SceneMenu) SetPrevious(prev SceneName) {
+	scene.Prev = prev
+}
+
 func (scene *SceneMenu) ResetNext() {
 	scene.Next = scene.Whoami
 }
@@ -49,6 +54,10 @@ func (scene *SceneMenu) SetNext(next SceneName) {
 func (scene *SceneMenu) Update() error {
 	scene.Ui.Update()
 
+	if scene.Exit {
+		return ebiten.Termination
+	}
+
 	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyEscape) || inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyQ) {
 		scene.Config.DelayedStart = false
 		scene.Leave()
@@ -99,9 +108,14 @@ func (scene *SceneMenu) Init() {
 			scene.SetNext(Options)
 		})
 
-	separator1 := NewSeparator()
+	bindings := NewMenuButton("Show Key Bindings",
-	separator2 := NewSeparator()
+		func(args *widget.ButtonClickedEventArgs) {
-	separator3 := NewSeparator()
+			scene.SetNext(Keybindings)
+		})
+
+	separator1 := NewSeparator(3)
+	separator2 := NewSeparator(3)
+	separator3 := NewSeparator(10)
 
 	cancel := NewMenuButton("Back",
 		func(args *widget.ButtonClickedEventArgs) {
@@ -110,7 +124,7 @@ func (scene *SceneMenu) Init() {
 
 	quit := NewMenuButton("Exit Golsky",
 		func(args *widget.ButtonClickedEventArgs) {
-			os.Exit(0)
+			scene.Exit = true
 		})
 
 	rowContainer.AddChild(empty)
@@ -118,6 +132,7 @@ func (scene *SceneMenu) Init() {
 	rowContainer.AddChild(separator1)
 	rowContainer.AddChild(options)
 	rowContainer.AddChild(copy)
+	rowContainer.AddChild(bindings)
 	rowContainer.AddChild(separator2)
 	rowContainer.AddChild(cancel)
 	rowContainer.AddChild(separator3)

src/options.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ type SceneOptions struct {
 	Game      *Game
 	Config    *Config
 	Next      SceneName
+	Prev      SceneName
 	Whoami    SceneName
 	Ui        *ebitenui.UI
 	FontColor color.RGBA
@@ -36,6 +37,10 @@ func (scene *SceneOptions) GetNext() SceneName {
 	return scene.Next
 }
 
+func (scene *SceneOptions) SetPrevious(prev SceneName) {
+	scene.Prev = prev
+}
+
 func (scene *SceneOptions) ResetNext() {
 	scene.Next = scene.Whoami
 }
@@ -64,54 +69,85 @@ func (scene *SceneOptions) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 }
 
 func (scene *SceneOptions) SetInitialValue(w *widget.LabeledCheckbox, value bool) {
-	var intval int
 	if value {
-		intval = 1
-	}
-
 		w.SetState(
-		widget.WidgetState(intval),
+			widget.WidgetChecked,
 		)
+	}
 }
 
 func (scene *SceneOptions) Init() {
 	rowContainer := NewRowContainer("Options")
 
 	pause := NewCheckbox("Pause",
+		scene.Config.Paused,
 		func(args *widget.CheckboxChangedEventArgs) {
 			scene.Config.TogglePaused()
 		})
 
 	debugging := NewCheckbox("Debugging",
+		scene.Config.Debug,
 		func(args *widget.CheckboxChangedEventArgs) {
 			scene.Config.ToggleDebugging()
 		})
-	scene.SetInitialValue(debugging, scene.Config.Debug)
-
-	invert := NewCheckbox("Invert",
-		func(args *widget.CheckboxChangedEventArgs) {
-			scene.Config.Invert = true
-		})
-	scene.SetInitialValue(invert, scene.Config.Invert)
 
 	gridlines := NewCheckbox("Show grid lines",
+		scene.Config.ShowGrid,
 		func(args *widget.CheckboxChangedEventArgs) {
 			scene.Config.ToggleGridlines()
 		})
-	scene.SetInitialValue(gridlines, scene.Config.ShowGrid)
 
-	separator := NewSeparator()
+	evolution := NewCheckbox("Show evolution traces",
+		scene.Config.ShowEvolution,
+		func(args *widget.CheckboxChangedEventArgs) {
+			scene.Config.ToggleEvolution()
+		})
+
+	wrap := NewCheckbox("Wrap around edges",
+		scene.Config.Wrap,
+		func(args *widget.CheckboxChangedEventArgs) {
+			scene.Config.ToggleWrap()
+		})
+
+	themenames := make([]string, len(THEMES))
+	i := 0
+	for name := range THEMES {
+		themenames[i] = name
+		i++
+	}
+
+	themes := NewCombobox(
+		themenames,
+		scene.Config.Theme,
+		func(args *widget.ListComboButtonEntrySelectedEventArgs) {
+			scene.Config.SwitchTheme(args.Entry.(ListEntry).Name)
+		})
+
+	themelabel := NewLabel("Themes")
+	combocontainer := NewColumnContainer()
+	combocontainer.AddChild(themes)
+	combocontainer.AddChild(themelabel)
+
+	separator := NewSeparator(3)
+	separator2 := NewSeparator(3)
 
 	cancel := NewMenuButton("Close",
 		func(args *widget.ButtonClickedEventArgs) {
-			scene.SetNext(Menu)
+			scene.SetNext(scene.Prev)
 		})
 
 	rowContainer.AddChild(pause)
 	rowContainer.AddChild(debugging)
-	rowContainer.AddChild(invert)
 	rowContainer.AddChild(gridlines)
+	rowContainer.AddChild(evolution)
+	rowContainer.AddChild(wrap)
+
 	rowContainer.AddChild(separator)
+
+	rowContainer.AddChild(combocontainer)
+
+	rowContainer.AddChild(separator2)
+
 	rowContainer.AddChild(cancel)
 
 	scene.Ui = &ebitenui.UI{

src/play.go

@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ package main
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image"
-	"image/color"
 	"log"
-	"os"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/inpututil"
@@ -26,28 +25,27 @@ type ScenePlay struct {
 	Game   *Game
 	Config *Config
 	Next   SceneName
+	Prev   SceneName
 	Whoami SceneName
 
 	Clear bool
 
 	Grids         []*Grid       // 2 grids: one current, one next
-	History                                    *Grid   // holds state of past dead cells for evolution traces
+	History       [][]int64     // holds state of past dead cells for evolution traces
 	Index         int           // points to current grid
 	Generations   int64         // Stats
-	Black, White, Grey, Old                    color.RGBA
-	AgeColor1, AgeColor2, AgeColor3, AgeColor4 color.RGBA
 	TicksElapsed  int           // tick counter for game speed
-	Tiles                                      Images        // pre-computed tiles for dead and alife cells
 	Camera        Camera        // for zoom+move
 	World, Cache  *ebiten.Image // actual image we render to
 	WheelTurned   bool          // when user turns wheel multiple times, zoom faster
 	Dragging      bool          // middle mouse is pressed, move canvas
-	LastCursorPos                              []int         // used to check if the user is dragging
+	LastCursorPos []float64     // used to check if the user is dragging
 	MarkTaken     bool          // true when mouse1 pressed
 	MarkDone      bool          // true when mouse1 released, copy cells between Mark+Point
 	Mark, Point   image.Point   // area to marks+save
 	RunOneStep    bool          // mutable flags from config
-	TPG                                        int
+	TPG           int           // current game speed (ticks per game)
+	Theme         Theme
 }
 
 func NewPlayScene(game *Game, config *Config) Scene {
@@ -73,6 +71,10 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) GetNext() SceneName {
 	return scene.Next
 }
 
+func (scene *ScenePlay) SetPrevious(prev SceneName) {
+	scene.Prev = prev
+}
+
 func (scene *ScenePlay) ResetNext() {
 	scene.Next = scene.Whoami
 }
@@ -81,8 +83,8 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) SetNext(next SceneName) {
 	scene.Next = next
 }
 
-func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckRule(state int64, neighbors int64) int64 {
+func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckRule(state bool, neighbors int) bool {
-	var nextstate int64
+	var nextstate bool
 
 	// The standard Scene of Life is symbolized in rule-string notation
 	// as B3/S23 (23/3 here).  A cell  is born if it has exactly three
@@ -90,9 +92,9 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckRule(state int64, neighbors int64) int64 {
 	// and  dies otherwise. The first  number, or list of  numbers, is
 	// what is required for a dead cell to be born.
 
-	if state == 0 && Contains(scene.Config.Rule.Birth, neighbors) {
+	if !state && Contains(scene.Config.Rule.Birth, neighbors) {
 		nextstate = Alive
-	} else if state == 1 && Contains(scene.Config.Rule.Death, neighbors) {
+	} else if state && Contains(scene.Config.Rule.Death, neighbors) {
 		nextstate = Alive
 	} else {
 		nextstate = Dead
@@ -126,11 +128,17 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) UpdateCells() {
 			// change state of current cell in next grid
 			scene.Grids[next].Data[y][x] = nextstate
 
+			if scene.Config.ShowEvolution {
 				// set history  to current generation so we  can infer the
 				// age of the cell's state  during rendering and use it to
 				// deduce the color to use if evolution tracing is enabled
+				// 60FPS:
 				if state != nextstate {
-				scene.History.Data[y][x] = scene.Generations
+					scene.History[y][x] = scene.Generations
+				}
+
+				// 10FPS:
+				//scene.History.Data[y][x] = (state ^ (1 ^ nextstate)) * (scene.Generations - scene.History.Data[y][x])
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -152,61 +160,54 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) UpdateCells() {
 
 func (scene *ScenePlay) Reset() {
 	scene.Config.Paused = true
-	scene.InitGrid(nil)
+	scene.InitGrid()
 	scene.Config.Paused = false
 }
 
 // check user input
-func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckInput() {
+func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckExit() error {
 	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyQ) {
-		os.Exit(0)
+		return ebiten.Termination
 	}
 
-	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyEscape) {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckInput() {
+	// primary functions, always available
+	switch {
+	case inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyEscape):
 		scene.SetNext(Menu)
-	}
+	case inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyO):
-
+		scene.SetNext(Options)
-	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyC) {
+	case inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyC):
-		fmt.Println("mark mode on")
 		scene.Config.Markmode = true
+		scene.Config.Drawmode = false
+		scene.Config.Paused = true
+	case inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyI):
+		scene.Config.Drawmode = true
 		scene.Config.Paused = true
 	}
 
 	if scene.Config.Markmode {
+		// no need to check any more input in mark mode
 		return
 	}
 
-	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeySpace) || inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyEnter) {
+	switch {
+	case inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeySpace) || inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyEnter):
 		scene.Config.TogglePaused()
-	}
+	case inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyPageDown):
-
-	if ebiten.IsMouseButtonPressed(ebiten.MouseButtonLeft) {
-		scene.ToggleCellOnCursorPos(Alive)
-		scene.Config.Paused = true // drawing while running makes no sense
-	}
-
-	if ebiten.IsMouseButtonPressed(ebiten.MouseButtonRight) {
-		scene.ToggleCellOnCursorPos(Dead)
-		scene.Config.Paused = true // drawing while running makes no sense
-	}
-
-	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyPageDown) {
 		if scene.TPG < 120 {
 			scene.TPG++
 		}
-	}
+	case inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyPageUp):
-
-	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyPageUp) {
 		if scene.TPG >= 1 {
 			scene.TPG--
 		}
-	}
+	case inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyS):
-
-	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyS) {
 		scene.SaveState()
-	}
+	case inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyD):
-
-	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyD) {
 		scene.Config.Debug = !scene.Config.Debug
 	}
 
@@ -217,6 +218,19 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckInput() {
 	}
 }
 
+func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckDrawingInput() {
+	if scene.Config.Drawmode {
+		switch {
+		case ebiten.IsMouseButtonPressed(ebiten.MouseButtonLeft):
+			scene.ToggleCellOnCursorPos(Alive)
+		case ebiten.IsMouseButtonPressed(ebiten.MouseButtonRight):
+			scene.ToggleCellOnCursorPos(Dead)
+		case inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyEscape):
+			scene.Config.Drawmode = false
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // Check dragging input.  move the canvas with the  mouse while pressing
 // the middle mouse button, zoom in and out using the wheel.
 func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckDraggingInput() {
@@ -224,20 +238,26 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckDraggingInput() {
 		return
 	}
 
+	dragbutton := ebiten.MouseButtonLeft
+
+	if scene.Config.Drawmode {
+		dragbutton = ebiten.MouseButtonMiddle
+	}
+
 	// move canvas
-	if scene.Dragging && !ebiten.IsMouseButtonPressed(ebiten.MouseButton1) {
+	if scene.Dragging && !ebiten.IsMouseButtonPressed(dragbutton) {
 		// release
 		scene.Dragging = false
 	}
 
-	if !scene.Dragging && ebiten.IsMouseButtonPressed(ebiten.MouseButton1) {
+	if !scene.Dragging && ebiten.IsMouseButtonPressed(dragbutton) {
 		// start dragging
 		scene.Dragging = true
-		scene.LastCursorPos[0], scene.LastCursorPos[1] = ebiten.CursorPosition()
+		scene.LastCursorPos[0], scene.LastCursorPos[1] = scene.Camera.ScreenToWorld(ebiten.CursorPosition())
 	}
 
 	if scene.Dragging {
-		x, y := ebiten.CursorPosition()
+		x, y := scene.Camera.ScreenToWorld(ebiten.CursorPosition())
 
 		if x != scene.LastCursorPos[0] || y != scene.LastCursorPos[1] {
 			// actually drag by mouse cursor pos diff to last cursor pos
@@ -245,20 +265,18 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckDraggingInput() {
 			scene.Camera.Position[1] -= float64(y - scene.LastCursorPos[1])
 		}
 
-		scene.LastCursorPos[0], scene.LastCursorPos[1] = ebiten.CursorPosition()
+		scene.LastCursorPos[0], scene.LastCursorPos[1] = scene.Camera.ScreenToWorld(ebiten.CursorPosition())
 	}
 
 	// also support the arrow keys to move the canvas
-	if ebiten.IsKeyPressed(ebiten.KeyArrowLeft) {
+	switch {
+	case ebiten.IsKeyPressed(ebiten.KeyArrowLeft):
 		scene.Camera.Position[0] -= 1
-	}
+	case ebiten.IsKeyPressed(ebiten.KeyArrowRight):
-	if ebiten.IsKeyPressed(ebiten.KeyArrowRight) {
 		scene.Camera.Position[0] += 1
-	}
+	case ebiten.IsKeyPressed(ebiten.KeyArrowUp):
-	if ebiten.IsKeyPressed(ebiten.KeyArrowUp) {
 		scene.Camera.Position[1] -= 1
-	}
+	case ebiten.IsKeyPressed(ebiten.KeyArrowDown):
-	if ebiten.IsKeyPressed(ebiten.KeyArrowDown) {
 		scene.Camera.Position[1] += 1
 	}
 
@@ -288,6 +306,10 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckMarkInput() {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyEscape) {
+		scene.Config.Markmode = false
+	}
+
 	if ebiten.IsMouseButtonPressed(ebiten.MouseButton0) {
 		if !scene.MarkTaken {
 			scene.Mark = scene.GetWorldCursorPos()
@@ -308,7 +330,7 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) CheckMarkInput() {
 
 func (scene *ScenePlay) SaveState() {
 	filename := GetFilename(scene.Generations)
-	err := scene.Grids[scene.Index].SaveState(filename)
+	err := scene.Grids[scene.Index].SaveState(filename, scene.Config.Rule.Definition)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("failed to save game state to %s: %s", filename, err)
 	}
@@ -348,10 +370,10 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) SaveRectRLE() {
 		height = scene.Mark.Y - scene.Point.Y
 	}
 
-	grid := make([][]int64, height)
+	grid := make([][]bool, height)
 
 	for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
-		grid[y] = make([]int64, width)
+		grid[y] = make([]bool, width)
 
 		for x := 0; x < width; x++ {
 			grid[y][x] = scene.Grids[scene.Index].Data[y+starty][x+startx]
@@ -370,19 +392,25 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) SaveRectRLE() {
 func (scene *ScenePlay) Update() error {
 	if scene.Config.Restart {
 		scene.Config.Restart = false
-		scene.InitGrid(nil)
+		scene.Generations = 0
+		scene.InitGrid()
 		scene.InitCache()
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	if scene.Config.RestartCache {
 		scene.Config.RestartCache = false
-		scene.InitTiles()
+		scene.Theme = scene.Config.ThemeManager.GetCurrentTheme()
 		scene.InitCache()
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	if quit := scene.CheckExit(); quit != nil {
+		return quit
+	}
+
 	scene.CheckInput()
+	scene.CheckDrawingInput()
 	scene.CheckDraggingInput()
 	scene.CheckMarkInput()
 
@@ -394,7 +422,7 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) Update() error {
 }
 
 // set a cell to alive or dead
-func (scene *ScenePlay) ToggleCellOnCursorPos(alive int64) {
+func (scene *ScenePlay) ToggleCellOnCursorPos(alive bool) {
 	// use cursor pos relative to the world
 	worldX, worldY := scene.Camera.ScreenToWorld(ebiten.CursorPosition())
 	x := int(worldX) / scene.Config.Cellsize
@@ -402,7 +430,7 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) ToggleCellOnCursorPos(alive int64) {
 
 	if x > -1 && y > -1 && x < scene.Config.Width && y < scene.Config.Height {
 		scene.Grids[scene.Index].Data[y][x] = alive
-		scene.History.Data[y][x] = 1
+		scene.History[y][x] = 1
 	}
 }
 
@@ -416,8 +444,6 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 	op.GeoM.Translate(0, 0)
 	scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Cache, op)
 
-	var age int64
-
 	for y := 0; y < scene.Config.Height; y++ {
 		for x := 0; x < scene.Config.Width; x++ {
 			op.GeoM.Reset()
@@ -426,29 +452,11 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 				float64(y*scene.Config.Cellsize),
 			)
 
-			age = scene.Generations - scene.History.Data[y][x]
+			if scene.Config.ShowEvolution {
-
+				scene.DrawEvolution(screen, x, y, op)
-			switch scene.Grids[scene.Index].Data[y][x] {
-			case Alive:
-				if age > 50 && scene.Config.ShowEvolution {
-					scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Tiles.Old, op)
-
 			} else {
-					scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Tiles.Black, op)
+				if scene.Grids[scene.Index].Data[y][x] {
-				}
+					scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Theme.Tile(ColLife), op)
-			case Dead:
-				// only draw dead cells in case evolution trace is enabled
-				if scene.History.Data[y][x] > 1 && scene.Config.ShowEvolution {
-					switch {
-					case age < 10:
-						scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Tiles.Age1, op)
-					case age < 20:
-						scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Tiles.Age2, op)
-					case age < 30:
-						scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Tiles.Age3, op)
-					default:
-						scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Tiles.Age4, op)
-					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -459,11 +467,33 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 	scene.Camera.Render(scene.World, screen)
 
 	scene.DrawDebug(screen)
+}
 
-	op.GeoM.Reset()
+func (scene *ScenePlay) DrawEvolution(screen *ebiten.Image, x, y int, op *ebiten.DrawImageOptions) {
-	op.GeoM.Translate(0, 0)
+	age := scene.Generations - scene.History[y][x]
 
-	scene.Game.Screen.DrawImage(screen, op)
+	switch scene.Grids[scene.Index].Data[y][x] {
+	case Alive:
+		if age > 50 && scene.Config.ShowEvolution {
+			scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Theme.Tile(ColOld), op)
+		} else {
+			scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Theme.Tile(ColLife), op)
+		}
+	case Dead:
+		// only draw dead cells in case evolution trace is enabled
+		if scene.History[y][x] > 1 && scene.Config.ShowEvolution {
+			switch {
+			case age < 10:
+				scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Theme.Tile(ColAge1), op)
+			case age < 20:
+				scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Theme.Tile(ColAge2), op)
+			case age < 30:
+				scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Theme.Tile(ColAge3), op)
+			default:
+				scene.World.DrawImage(scene.Theme.Tile(ColAge4), op)
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func (scene *ScenePlay) DrawMark(screen *ebiten.Image) {
@@ -477,7 +507,7 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) DrawMark(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 			scene.World,
 			x+1, y+1,
 			w, h,
-			1.0, scene.Old, false,
+			1.0, scene.Theme.Color(ColOld), false,
 		)
 	}
 }
@@ -489,6 +519,14 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) DrawDebug(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 			paused = "-- paused --"
 		}
 
+		if scene.Config.Markmode {
+			paused = "-- mark --"
+		}
+
+		if scene.Config.Drawmode {
+			paused = "-- insert --"
+		}
+
 		x, y := ebiten.CursorPosition()
 		debug := fmt.Sprintf(
 			DEBUG_FORMAT,
@@ -501,10 +539,10 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) DrawDebug(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 		FontRenderer.Renderer.SetSizePx(10 + int(scene.Game.Scale*10))
 		FontRenderer.Renderer.SetTarget(screen)
 
-		FontRenderer.Renderer.SetColor(scene.Black)
+		FontRenderer.Renderer.SetColor(scene.Theme.Color(ColLife))
 		FontRenderer.Renderer.Draw(debug, 31, 31)
 
-		FontRenderer.Renderer.SetColor(scene.Old)
+		FontRenderer.Renderer.SetColor(scene.Theme.Color(ColOld))
 		FontRenderer.Renderer.Draw(debug, 30, 30)
 
 		fmt.Println(debug)
@@ -515,7 +553,6 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) DrawDebug(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 // load a pre-computed pattern from RLE file
 func (scene *ScenePlay) InitPattern() {
 	scene.Grids[0].LoadRLE(scene.Config.RLE)
-	scene.History.LoadRLE(scene.Config.RLE)
 }
 
 // pre-render offscreen cache image
@@ -523,9 +560,9 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) InitCache() {
 	op := &ebiten.DrawImageOptions{}
 
 	if scene.Config.ShowGrid {
-		scene.Cache.Fill(scene.Grey)
+		scene.Cache.Fill(scene.Theme.Color(ColGrid))
 	} else {
-		scene.Cache.Fill(scene.White)
+		scene.Cache.Fill(scene.Theme.Color(ColDead))
 	}
 
 	for y := 0; y < scene.Config.Height; y++ {
@@ -536,95 +573,43 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) InitCache() {
 				float64(y*scene.Config.Cellsize),
 			)
 
-			scene.Cache.DrawImage(scene.Tiles.White, op)
+			scene.Cache.DrawImage(scene.Theme.Tile(ColDead), op)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 // initialize grid[s], either using pre-computed from state or rle file, or random
-func (scene *ScenePlay) InitGrid(grid *Grid) {
+func (scene *ScenePlay) InitGrid() {
-	if grid != nil {
-		// use pre-loaded grid
-		scene.Grids = []*Grid{
-			grid,
-			NewGrid(grid.Width, grid.Height, 0, false),
-		}
-
-		scene.History = NewGrid(grid.Width, grid.Height, 0, false)
-
-		return
-	}
-
 	grida := NewGrid(scene.Config.Width, scene.Config.Height, scene.Config.Density, scene.Config.Empty)
 	gridb := NewGrid(scene.Config.Width, scene.Config.Height, scene.Config.Density, scene.Config.Empty)
-	history := NewGrid(scene.Config.Width, scene.Config.Height, scene.Config.Density, scene.Config.Empty)
 
 	// startup is delayed until user has selected options
 	grida.FillRandom()
-	grida.Copy(history)
 
 	scene.Grids = []*Grid{
 		grida,
 		gridb,
 	}
 
-	scene.History = history
+	scene.History = make([][]int64, scene.Config.Height)
-}
+	for y := 0; y < scene.Config.Height; y++ {
-
+		scene.History[y] = make([]int64, scene.Config.Width)
-// prepare tile images
-func (scene *ScenePlay) InitTiles() {
-	scene.Grey = color.RGBA{128, 128, 128, 0xff}
-	scene.Old = color.RGBA{255, 30, 30, 0xff}
-
-	scene.Black = color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 0xff}
-	scene.White = color.RGBA{200, 200, 200, 0xff}
-	scene.AgeColor1 = color.RGBA{255, 195, 97, 0xff} // FIXME: use slice!
-	scene.AgeColor2 = color.RGBA{255, 211, 140, 0xff}
-	scene.AgeColor3 = color.RGBA{255, 227, 181, 0xff}
-	scene.AgeColor4 = color.RGBA{255, 240, 224, 0xff}
-
-	if scene.Config.Invert {
-		scene.White = color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 0xff}
-		scene.Black = color.RGBA{200, 200, 200, 0xff}
-
-		scene.AgeColor1 = color.RGBA{82, 38, 0, 0xff}
-		scene.AgeColor2 = color.RGBA{66, 35, 0, 0xff}
-		scene.AgeColor3 = color.RGBA{43, 27, 0, 0xff}
-		scene.AgeColor4 = color.RGBA{25, 17, 0, 0xff}
 	}
-
-	scene.Tiles.Black = ebiten.NewImage(scene.Config.Cellsize, scene.Config.Cellsize)
-	scene.Tiles.White = ebiten.NewImage(scene.Config.Cellsize, scene.Config.Cellsize)
-	scene.Tiles.Old = ebiten.NewImage(scene.Config.Cellsize, scene.Config.Cellsize)
-	scene.Tiles.Age1 = ebiten.NewImage(scene.Config.Cellsize, scene.Config.Cellsize)
-	scene.Tiles.Age2 = ebiten.NewImage(scene.Config.Cellsize, scene.Config.Cellsize)
-	scene.Tiles.Age3 = ebiten.NewImage(scene.Config.Cellsize, scene.Config.Cellsize)
-	scene.Tiles.Age4 = ebiten.NewImage(scene.Config.Cellsize, scene.Config.Cellsize)
-
-	cellsize := scene.Config.ScreenWidth / scene.Config.Cellsize
-
-	FillCell(scene.Tiles.Black, cellsize, scene.Black)
-	FillCell(scene.Tiles.White, cellsize, scene.White)
-	FillCell(scene.Tiles.Old, cellsize, scene.Old)
-	FillCell(scene.Tiles.Age1, cellsize, scene.AgeColor1)
-	FillCell(scene.Tiles.Age2, cellsize, scene.AgeColor2)
-	FillCell(scene.Tiles.Age3, cellsize, scene.AgeColor3)
-	FillCell(scene.Tiles.Age4, cellsize, scene.AgeColor4)
 }
 
 func (scene *ScenePlay) Init() {
 	// setup the scene
-	var grid *Grid
-
-	if scene.Config.StateGrid != nil {
-		grid = scene.Config.StateGrid
-	}
-
 	scene.Camera = Camera{
 		ViewPort: f64.Vec2{
 			float64(scene.Config.ScreenWidth),
 			float64(scene.Config.ScreenHeight),
 		},
+		InitialZoomFactor: scene.Config.Zoomfactor,
+		InitialPosition: f64.Vec2{
+			scene.Config.InitialCamPos[0],
+			scene.Config.InitialCamPos[1],
+		},
+		ZoomOutFactor: scene.Config.ZoomOutFactor,
 	}
 
 	scene.World = ebiten.NewImage(
@@ -637,15 +622,15 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) Init() {
 		scene.Config.Height*scene.Config.Cellsize,
 	)
 
-	scene.InitTiles()
+	scene.Theme = scene.Config.ThemeManager.GetCurrentTheme()
 	scene.InitCache()
 
 	if scene.Config.DelayedStart && !scene.Config.Empty {
 		scene.Config.Empty = true
-		scene.InitGrid(grid)
+		scene.InitGrid()
 		scene.Config.Empty = false
 	} else {
-		scene.InitGrid(grid)
+		scene.InitGrid()
 	}
 
 	scene.InitPattern()
@@ -653,19 +638,24 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) Init() {
 	scene.Index = 0
 	scene.TicksElapsed = 0
 
-	scene.LastCursorPos = make([]int, 2)
+	scene.LastCursorPos = make([]float64, 2)
 
 	if scene.Config.Zoomfactor < 0 || scene.Config.Zoomfactor > 0 {
 		scene.Camera.ZoomFactor = scene.Config.Zoomfactor
 	}
 
-	scene.Camera.Position[0] = scene.Config.InitialCamPos[0]
+	scene.Camera.Setup()
-	scene.Camera.Position[1] = scene.Config.InitialCamPos[1]
+}
+
+func bool2int(b bool) int {
+	return int(*(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)))
 }
 
 // count the living neighbors of a cell
-func (scene *ScenePlay) CountNeighbors(x, y int) int64 {
+func (scene *ScenePlay) CountNeighbors(x, y int) int {
-	var sum int64
+	var sum int
+
+	grid := scene.Grids[scene.Index].Data
 
 	for nbgX := -1; nbgX < 2; nbgX++ {
 		for nbgY := -1; nbgY < 2; nbgY++ {
@@ -687,24 +677,12 @@ func (scene *ScenePlay) CountNeighbors(x, y int) int64 {
 				row = y + nbgY
 			}
 
-			sum += scene.Grids[scene.Index].Data[row][col]
+			sum += bool2int(grid[row][col])
 		}
 	}
 
 	// don't count ourselfes though
-	sum -= scene.Grids[scene.Index].Data[y][x]
+	sum -= bool2int(grid[y][x])
 
 	return sum
 }
-
-// fill a cell with the given color
-func FillCell(tile *ebiten.Image, cellsize int, col color.RGBA) {
-	vector.DrawFilledRect(
-		tile,
-		float32(1),
-		float32(1),
-		float32(cellsize-1),
-		float32(cellsize-1),
-		col, false,
-	)
-}

src/rule.go

@@ -9,17 +9,17 @@ import (
 // a GOL rule
 type Rule struct {
 	Definition string
-	Birth      []int64
+	Birth      []int
-	Death      []int64
+	Death      []int
 }
 
 // parse one part of a GOL rule into rule slice
-func NumbersToList(numbers string) []int64 {
+func NumbersToList(numbers string) []int {
-	list := []int64{}
+	list := []int{}
 
 	items := strings.Split(numbers, "")
 	for _, item := range items {
-		num, err := strconv.ParseInt(item, 10, 64)
+		num, err := strconv.Atoi(item)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to parse game rule part <%s>: %s", numbers, err)
 		}

src/scene.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ type SceneName int
 type Scene interface {
 	SetNext(SceneName)
 	GetNext() SceneName
+	SetPrevious(SceneName)
 	ResetNext()
 	Update() error
 	Draw(screen *ebiten.Image)
@@ -23,4 +24,5 @@ const (
 	Menu = iota // main top level menu
 	Play        // actual playing happens here
 	Options
+	Keybindings
 )

src/theme.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"image/color"
+	"log"
+
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/vector"
+)
+
+// Color definitions. ColLife could be black or white depending on theme
+const (
+	ColLife = iota
+	ColDead
+	ColOld
+	ColAge1
+	ColAge2
+	ColAge3
+	ColAge4
+	ColGrid
+)
+
+// A Theme defines  how the grid and the cells  are colored. We define
+// the  colors and  the  actual tile  images here,  so  that they  are
+// readily available from play.go
+type Theme struct {
+	Tiles  map[int]*ebiten.Image
+	Colors map[int]color.RGBA
+	Name   string
+}
+
+type ThemeDef struct {
+	life, dead, grid, old, age1, age2, age3, age4 string
+}
+
+var THEMES = map[string]ThemeDef{
+	"standard": {
+		life: "e15f0b",
+		dead: "5a5a5a",
+		old:  "ff1e1e",
+		grid: "808080",
+		age1: "735f52",
+		age2: "6c6059",
+		age3: "635d59",
+		age4: "7b5e4b",
+	},
+	"dark": {
+		life: "c8c8c8",
+		dead: "000000",
+		old:  "ff1e1e",
+		grid: "808080",
+		age1: "522600",
+		age2: "422300",
+		age3: "2b1b00",
+		age4: "191100",
+	},
+	"light": {
+		life: "000000",
+		dead: "c8c8c8",
+		old:  "ff1e1e",
+		grid: "808080",
+		age1: "ffc361",
+		age2: "ffd38c",
+		age3: "ffe3b5",
+		age4: "fff0e0",
+	},
+}
+
+// create a new theme
+func NewTheme(def ThemeDef, cellsize int, name string) Theme {
+	theme := Theme{
+		Name: name,
+		Colors: map[int]color.RGBA{
+			ColLife: HexColor2RGBA(def.life),
+			ColDead: HexColor2RGBA(def.dead),
+			ColGrid: HexColor2RGBA(def.grid),
+			ColAge1: HexColor2RGBA(def.age1),
+			ColAge2: HexColor2RGBA(def.age2),
+			ColAge3: HexColor2RGBA(def.age3),
+			ColAge4: HexColor2RGBA(def.age4),
+			ColOld:  HexColor2RGBA(def.old),
+		},
+	}
+
+	theme.Tiles = make(map[int]*ebiten.Image, 6)
+
+	for cid, col := range theme.Colors {
+		theme.Tiles[cid] = ebiten.NewImage(cellsize, cellsize)
+		FillCell(theme.Tiles[cid], cellsize, col)
+	}
+
+	return theme
+}
+
+// return  the tile  image  for  the requested  color  type. panic  if
+// unknown type is being used, which is ok, since the code is the only
+// user anyway
+func (theme *Theme) Tile(col int) *ebiten.Image {
+	return theme.Tiles[col]
+}
+
+func (theme *Theme) Color(col int) color.RGBA {
+	return theme.Colors[col]
+}
+
+type ThemeManager struct {
+	Theme  string
+	Themes map[string]Theme
+}
+
+// Manager is used to easily switch themes from cli or menu
+func NewThemeManager(initial string, cellsize int) ThemeManager {
+	manager := ThemeManager{
+		Theme: initial,
+	}
+
+	manager.Themes = make(map[string]Theme, len(THEMES))
+
+	for name, def := range THEMES {
+		manager.Themes[name] = NewTheme(def, cellsize, name)
+	}
+
+	return manager
+}
+
+func (manager *ThemeManager) GetCurrentTheme() Theme {
+	return manager.Themes[manager.Theme]
+}
+
+func (manager *ThemeManager) GetCurrentThemeName() string {
+	return manager.Theme
+}
+
+func (manager *ThemeManager) SetCurrentTheme(theme string) {
+	if Exists(manager.Themes, theme) {
+		manager.Theme = theme
+	}
+}
+
+// Fill a cell with the given color.
+//
+// We do not  draw the cell at  0,0 of it's position but  at 1,1. This
+// creates a top and lef  transparent. By using a different background
+// for the whole grid we can then  decide wether to show grid lines or
+// not.
+//
+// If no  gridlines are  selected the background  will just  be filled
+// with the DEAD  color. However, IF we are to  show the gridlines, we
+// fill it  with a lighter color.  The transparent edges of  all tiles
+// then create the grid.
+//
+// So we don't draw a grid, we just left a grid behind, which saves us
+// from a lot of drawing operations.
+func FillCell(tile *ebiten.Image, cellsize int, col color.RGBA) {
+	vector.DrawFilledRect(
+		tile,
+		float32(1),
+		float32(1),
+		float32(cellsize),
+		float32(cellsize),
+		col, false,
+	)
+}
+
+func HexColor2RGBA(hex string) color.RGBA {
+	var r, g, b uint8
+
+	_, err := fmt.Sscanf(hex, "%02x%02x%02x", &r, &g, &b)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed to parse hex color: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return color.RGBA{r, g, b, 255}
+}

src/widgets.go

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"image/color"
+
+	"github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui/image"
+	"github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui/widget"
+)
+
+func NewMenuButton(
+	text string,
+	action func(args *widget.ButtonClickedEventArgs)) *widget.Button {
+
+	buttonImage, _ := LoadButtonImage()
+
+	return widget.NewButton(
+		widget.ButtonOpts.WidgetOpts(
+			widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(widget.RowLayoutData{
+				Position:  widget.RowLayoutPositionCenter,
+				Stretch:   true,
+				MaxWidth:  200,
+				MaxHeight: 100,
+			}),
+		),
+
+		widget.ButtonOpts.Image(buttonImage),
+
+		widget.ButtonOpts.Text(text, *FontRenderer.FontSmall, &widget.ButtonTextColor{
+			Idle: color.NRGBA{0xdf, 0xf4, 0xff, 0xff},
+		}),
+
+		widget.ButtonOpts.TextPadding(widget.Insets{
+			Left:   5,
+			Right:  5,
+			Top:    5,
+			Bottom: 5,
+		}),
+
+		widget.ButtonOpts.ClickedHandler(action),
+	)
+}
+
+func NewCheckbox(
+	text string,
+	initialvalue bool,
+	action func(args *widget.CheckboxChangedEventArgs)) *widget.LabeledCheckbox {
+
+	checkboxImage, _ := LoadCheckboxImage()
+	buttonImage, _ := LoadButtonImage()
+
+	var state widget.WidgetState
+	if initialvalue {
+		state = widget.WidgetChecked
+	}
+
+	return widget.NewLabeledCheckbox(
+		widget.LabeledCheckboxOpts.CheckboxOpts(
+			widget.CheckboxOpts.ButtonOpts(
+				widget.ButtonOpts.Image(buttonImage),
+			),
+			widget.CheckboxOpts.Image(checkboxImage),
+			widget.CheckboxOpts.StateChangedHandler(action),
+			widget.CheckboxOpts.InitialState(state),
+		),
+		widget.LabeledCheckboxOpts.LabelOpts(
+			widget.LabelOpts.Text(text, *FontRenderer.FontSmall,
+				&widget.LabelColor{
+					Idle: color.NRGBA{0xdf, 0xf4, 0xff, 0xff},
+				}),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+func NewSeparator(padding int) widget.PreferredSizeLocateableWidget {
+	c := widget.NewContainer(
+		widget.ContainerOpts.Layout(widget.NewRowLayout(
+			widget.RowLayoutOpts.Direction(widget.DirectionVertical),
+			widget.RowLayoutOpts.Padding(widget.Insets{
+				Top:    padding,
+				Bottom: 0,
+			}))),
+		widget.ContainerOpts.WidgetOpts(
+			widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(
+				widget.RowLayoutData{Stretch: true})))
+	return c
+}
+
+type ListEntry struct {
+	id   int
+	Name string
+}
+
+func NewCombobox(items []string, selected string,
+	action func(args *widget.ListComboButtonEntrySelectedEventArgs)) *widget.ListComboButton {
+	buttonImage, _ := LoadButtonImage()
+
+	entries := make([]any, 0, len(items))
+	idxselected := 0
+	for i, item := range items {
+		entries = append(entries, ListEntry{i, item})
+		if items[i] == selected {
+			idxselected = i
+		}
+	}
+
+	comboBox := widget.NewListComboButton(
+		widget.ListComboButtonOpts.SelectComboButtonOpts(
+			widget.SelectComboButtonOpts.ComboButtonOpts(
+				//Set the max height of the dropdown list
+				widget.ComboButtonOpts.MaxContentHeight(150),
+				//Set the parameters for the primary displayed button
+				widget.ComboButtonOpts.ButtonOpts(
+					widget.ButtonOpts.Image(buttonImage),
+					widget.ButtonOpts.TextPadding(widget.NewInsetsSimple(5)),
+					widget.ButtonOpts.Text("", *FontRenderer.FontSmall, &widget.ButtonTextColor{
+						Idle:     color.White,
+						Disabled: color.White,
+					}),
+					widget.ButtonOpts.WidgetOpts(
+						//Set how wide the button should be
+						widget.WidgetOpts.MinSize(50, 0),
+						//Set the combobox's position
+						widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(widget.AnchorLayoutData{
+							HorizontalPosition: widget.AnchorLayoutPositionCenter,
+							VerticalPosition:   widget.AnchorLayoutPositionCenter,
+						})),
+				),
+			),
+		),
+		widget.ListComboButtonOpts.ListOpts(
+			//Set how wide the dropdown list should be
+			widget.ListOpts.ContainerOpts(
+				widget.ContainerOpts.WidgetOpts(widget.WidgetOpts.MinSize(50, 0)),
+			),
+			//Set the entries in the list
+			widget.ListOpts.Entries(entries),
+			widget.ListOpts.ScrollContainerOpts(
+				//Set the background images/color for the dropdown list
+				widget.ScrollContainerOpts.Image(&widget.ScrollContainerImage{
+					Idle:     image.NewNineSliceColor(color.NRGBA{100, 100, 100, 255}),
+					Disabled: image.NewNineSliceColor(color.NRGBA{100, 100, 100, 255}),
+					Mask:     image.NewNineSliceColor(color.NRGBA{100, 100, 100, 255}),
+				}),
+			),
+			widget.ListOpts.SliderOpts(
+				//Set the background images/color for the background of the slider track
+				widget.SliderOpts.Images(&widget.SliderTrackImage{
+					Idle:  image.NewNineSliceColor(color.NRGBA{100, 100, 100, 255}),
+					Hover: image.NewNineSliceColor(color.NRGBA{100, 100, 100, 255}),
+				}, buttonImage),
+				widget.SliderOpts.MinHandleSize(5),
+				//Set how wide the track should be
+				widget.SliderOpts.TrackPadding(widget.NewInsetsSimple(2))),
+			//Set the font for the list options
+			widget.ListOpts.EntryFontFace(*FontRenderer.FontSmall),
+			//Set the colors for the list
+			widget.ListOpts.EntryColor(&widget.ListEntryColor{
+				Selected:                   color.NRGBA{254, 255, 255, 255},
+				Unselected:                 color.NRGBA{254, 255, 255, 255},
+				SelectedBackground:         HexColor2RGBA(THEMES["standard"].life),
+				SelectedFocusedBackground:  HexColor2RGBA(THEMES["standard"].old),
+				FocusedBackground:          HexColor2RGBA(THEMES["standard"].old),
+				DisabledUnselected:         HexColor2RGBA(THEMES["standard"].grid),
+				DisabledSelected:           HexColor2RGBA(THEMES["standard"].grid),
+				DisabledSelectedBackground: HexColor2RGBA(THEMES["standard"].grid),
+			}),
+			//Padding for each entry
+			widget.ListOpts.EntryTextPadding(widget.NewInsetsSimple(5)),
+		),
+		//Define how the entry is displayed
+		widget.ListComboButtonOpts.EntryLabelFunc(
+			func(e any) string {
+				//Button Label function, visible if not open
+				return e.(ListEntry).Name
+			},
+			func(e any) string {
+				//List Label function, visible items if open
+				return e.(ListEntry).Name
+			}),
+		//Callback when a new entry is selected
+		widget.ListComboButtonOpts.EntrySelectedHandler(action),
+	)
+
+	//Select the middle entry -- optional
+	comboBox.SetSelectedEntry(entries[idxselected])
+
+	return comboBox
+}
+
+func NewLabel(text string) *widget.Text {
+	return widget.NewText(
+		widget.TextOpts.Text(text, *FontRenderer.FontSmall, color.White),
+		widget.TextOpts.Position(widget.TextPositionCenter, widget.TextPositionCenter),
+		widget.TextOpts.WidgetOpts(
+			widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(widget.RowLayoutData{
+				Position: widget.RowLayoutPositionCenter,
+			}),
+		),
+	)
+
+}
+
+/////////////// containers
+
+type RowContainer struct {
+	Root *widget.Container
+	Row  *widget.Container
+}
+
+func (container *RowContainer) AddChild(child widget.PreferredSizeLocateableWidget) {
+	container.Row.AddChild(child)
+}
+
+func (container *RowContainer) Container() *widget.Container {
+	return container.Root
+}
+
+// set arg to false if no background needed
+func NewRowContainer(title string) *RowContainer {
+	buttonImageHover := image.NewNineSlice(Assets["button-9slice3"], [3]int{3, 3, 3}, [3]int{3, 3, 3})
+
+	uiContainer := widget.NewContainer(
+		widget.ContainerOpts.Layout(widget.NewAnchorLayout()),
+	)
+
+	titleLabel := widget.NewText(
+		widget.TextOpts.WidgetOpts(widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(widget.RowLayoutData{
+			Stretch: true,
+		})),
+		widget.TextOpts.Text(title, *FontRenderer.FontNormal, color.NRGBA{0xdf, 0xf4, 0xff, 0xff}))
+
+	rowContainer := widget.NewContainer(
+		widget.ContainerOpts.WidgetOpts(
+			widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(widget.AnchorLayoutData{
+				HorizontalPosition: widget.AnchorLayoutPositionCenter,
+				VerticalPosition:   widget.AnchorLayoutPositionCenter,
+			}),
+		),
+		widget.ContainerOpts.Layout(widget.NewRowLayout(
+			widget.RowLayoutOpts.Direction(widget.DirectionVertical),
+			widget.RowLayoutOpts.Padding(widget.NewInsetsSimple(8)),
+			widget.RowLayoutOpts.Spacing(0),
+		)),
+		widget.ContainerOpts.BackgroundImage(buttonImageHover),
+	)
+
+	rowContainer.AddChild(titleLabel)
+
+	uiContainer.AddChild(rowContainer)
+
+	return &RowContainer{
+		Root: uiContainer,
+		Row:  rowContainer,
+	}
+}
+
+func NewColumnContainer() *widget.Container {
+	colcontainer := widget.NewContainer(
+		widget.ContainerOpts.Layout(
+			widget.NewGridLayout(
+				widget.GridLayoutOpts.Columns(2),
+				widget.GridLayoutOpts.Spacing(5, 0),
+			),
+		),
+	)
+
+	return colcontainer
+}
+
+func LoadButtonImage() (*widget.ButtonImage, error) {
+	idle := image.NewNineSlice(Assets["button-9slice2"], [3]int{3, 3, 3}, [3]int{3, 3, 3})
+	hover := image.NewNineSlice(Assets["button-9slice3"], [3]int{3, 3, 3}, [3]int{3, 3, 3})
+	pressed := image.NewNineSlice(Assets["button-9slice1"], [3]int{3, 3, 3}, [3]int{3, 3, 3})
+
+	return &widget.ButtonImage{
+		Idle:    idle,
+		Hover:   hover,
+		Pressed: pressed,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func LoadComboLabelImage() *widget.ButtonImageImage {
+	return &widget.ButtonImageImage{
+		Idle:     Assets["checkbox-9slice2"],
+		Disabled: Assets["checkbox-9slice2"],
+	}
+}
+
+func LoadCheckboxImage() (*widget.CheckboxGraphicImage, error) {
+	unchecked := &widget.ButtonImageImage{
+		Idle:     Assets["checkbox-9slice2"],
+		Disabled: Assets["checkbox-9slice2"],
+	}
+
+	checked := &widget.ButtonImageImage{
+		Idle:     Assets["checkbox-9slice1"],
+		Disabled: Assets["checkbox-9slice1"],
+	}
+
+	return &widget.CheckboxGraphicImage{
+		Checked:   checked,
+		Unchecked: unchecked,
+		Greyed:    unchecked,
+	}, nil
+}

various-tests/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+## Various performance tests
+
+Running with 1500x1500 grid 5k times
+
+| Variation                    | Description                                                                 | Duration          |
+|------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|
+| perf-2dim                    | uses 2d grid of bools, no tuning                                            | 00:03:14          |
+| perf-2dim-pointers           | use 2d grid of `Cell{Neighbors,NeighborCount}`s using pointers to neighbors | 00:03:35/00:04:75 |
+| perf-2dim-pointers-array     | same as above but array of neighbors instead of slice                       | 00:02:40          |
+| perf-2dim-pointers-all-array | use arrays for everything, static 1500x1500                                 | infinite, aborted |
+| perf-1dim                    | use 1d grid of bools, access using y*x, no further tuning                   | 00:03:24          |
+| perf-ecs                     | use arche ecs, unusable                                                     | 00:14:51          |

various-tests/drawtriangles/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+module drawminimal
+
+go 1.22
+
+require (
+	github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4 // indirect
+	github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 // indirect
+)

various-tests/drawtriangles/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895 h1:48bCqKTuD7Z0UovDfvpCn7wZ0GUZ+yosIteNDthn3FU=
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895/go.mod h1:XZdLv05c5hOZm3fM2NlJ92FyEZjnslcMcNRrhxs8+8M=
+github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 h1:5J4U0kXF+pv/DhiXt5/lTz0eO5ogJ1iXb8Yj1yReDqE=
+github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0/go.mod h1:hTTBTvVYWKBuxPr7peweneWdkUwEuHuB3C1R/ielR1A=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0 h1:HPZpl61edMGCEW6XK2nsR6+7AnJ3unUxpTZBkkIXnMc=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0/go.mod h1:ah1In8AOtksoNK6yk5z1HTJeUkC1Ez4Wk2idgGslMwQ=
+github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4 h1:X+heODRQ3Ie9F9QFjm24gEZqQd5FSfR9XuT2XfHwgf8=
+github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4/go.mod h1:H2pHVgq29rfm5yeQ7jzWOM3VHsjo7/AyucODNLOhsVY=
+github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1 h1:bE/r8ZZtSv7l9gk6nU0mYx51aXrvnyb44892TwSaqS4=
+github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1/go.mod h1:nrhwO0FX/enq75I7Y7G8iN1ubpSGZEiA3v9e9GyRFlk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 h1:Od9JTbYCk261bKm4M/mw7AklTlFYIa0bIp9BgSm1S8Y=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=

various-tests/drawtriangles/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"runtime/pprof"
+
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/inpututil"
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/vector"
+)
+
+var (
+	blackImage    = ebiten.NewImage(3, 3)
+	blackSubImage = blackImage.SubImage(image.Rect(1, 1, 2, 2)).(*ebiten.Image)
+)
+
+type Images struct {
+	Black, White *ebiten.Image
+}
+
+type Grid struct {
+	Data                   [][]int64
+	Width, Height, Density int
+}
+
+// Create new empty grid and allocate Data according to provided dimensions
+func NewGrid(width, height, density int) *Grid {
+	grid := &Grid{
+		Height:  height,
+		Width:   width,
+		Density: density,
+		Data:    make([][]int64, height),
+	}
+
+	for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
+		grid.Data[y] = make([]int64, width)
+	}
+
+	return grid
+}
+
+// live console output of the grid
+func (grid *Grid) Dump() {
+	/*
+		cmd := exec.Command("clear")
+		cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+		cmd.Run()
+
+		for y := 0; y < grid.Height; y++ {
+			for x := 0; x < grid.Width; x++ {
+				if grid.Data[y][x] == 1 {
+					fmt.Print("XX")
+				} else {
+					fmt.Print("  ")
+				}
+			}
+			fmt.Println()
+		}
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf("FPS: %0.2f\n", ebiten.ActualTPS())
+}
+
+type Game struct {
+	Width, Height, Cellsize, Density int
+	ScreenWidth, ScreenHeight        int
+	Grids                            []*Grid
+	Index                            int
+	Black, White, Grey               color.RGBA
+	Tiles                            Images
+	Cache                            *ebiten.Image
+	Elapsed                          int64
+	TPG                              int64 // adjust game speed independently of TPS
+	Vertices                         []ebiten.Vertex
+	Indices                          []uint16
+	Pause, Debug                     bool
+}
+
+// fill a cell
+func FillCell(tile *ebiten.Image, cellsize int, col color.RGBA) {
+	vector.DrawFilledRect(
+		tile,
+		float32(1),
+		float32(1),
+		float32(cellsize-1),
+		float32(cellsize-1),
+		col, false,
+	)
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Layout(outsideWidth, outsideHeight int) (int, int) {
+	return game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Init() {
+	// setup two grids, one for display, one for next state
+	grida := NewGrid(game.Width, game.Height, game.Density)
+	gridb := NewGrid(game.Width, game.Height, game.Density)
+
+	for y := 0; y < game.Height; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < game.Width; x++ {
+			if rand.Intn(game.Density) == 1 {
+				grida.Data[y][x] = 1
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	game.Grids = []*Grid{
+		grida,
+		gridb,
+	}
+
+	// setup colors
+	game.Grey = color.RGBA{128, 128, 128, 0xff}
+	game.Black = color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 0xff}
+	game.White = color.RGBA{200, 200, 200, 0xff}
+
+	game.Tiles.White = ebiten.NewImage(game.Cellsize, game.Cellsize)
+	game.Cache = ebiten.NewImage(game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight)
+
+	FillCell(game.Tiles.White, game.Cellsize, game.White)
+	game.Cache.Fill(game.Grey)
+
+	// draw the offscreen image
+	op := &ebiten.DrawImageOptions{}
+	for y := 0; y < game.Height; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < game.Width; x++ {
+			op.GeoM.Reset()
+			op.GeoM.Translate(float64(x*game.Cellsize), float64(y*game.Cellsize))
+			game.Cache.DrawImage(game.Tiles.White, op)
+		}
+	}
+
+	blackSubImage.Fill(game.Black)
+
+	lenvertices := game.ScreenHeight * game.ScreenWidth
+	game.Vertices = make([]ebiten.Vertex, lenvertices)
+	game.Indices = make([]uint16, lenvertices+(lenvertices/2))
+}
+
+// count the living neighbors of a cell
+func (game *Game) CountNeighbors(x, y int) int64 {
+	var sum int64
+
+	for nbgX := -1; nbgX < 2; nbgX++ {
+		for nbgY := -1; nbgY < 2; nbgY++ {
+			var col, row int
+
+			// Wrap  mode we look  at all the 8  neighbors surrounding
+			//  us.  In  case we  are  on an  edge we'll  look at  the
+			// neighbor on  the other side of the  grid, thus wrapping
+			// lookahead around using the mod() function.
+			col = (x + nbgX + game.Width) % game.Width
+			row = (y + nbgY + game.Height) % game.Height
+
+			sum += game.Grids[game.Index].Data[row][col]
+		}
+	}
+
+	// don't count ourselfes though
+	sum -= game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x]
+
+	return sum
+}
+
+// the heart of the game
+func (game *Game) CheckRule(state int64, neighbors int64) int64 {
+	var nextstate int64
+
+	if state == 0 && neighbors == 3 {
+		nextstate = 1
+	} else if state == 1 && (neighbors == 2 || neighbors == 3) {
+		nextstate = 1
+	} else {
+		nextstate = 0
+	}
+
+	return nextstate
+}
+
+// we only  update the cells if  we are not  in pause state or  if the
+// game timer (TPG) is elapsed.
+func (game *Game) UpdateCells() {
+	if game.Pause {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if game.Elapsed < game.TPG {
+		game.Elapsed++
+		return
+	}
+
+	// next grid index. we only have to, so we just xor it
+	next := game.Index ^ 1
+
+	// reset vertices
+	// FIXME: fails!
+	game.ClearVertices()
+
+	// calculate cell life state, this is the actual game of life
+	for y := 0; y < game.Height; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < game.Width; x++ {
+			state := game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x] // 0|1 == dead or alive
+			neighbors := game.CountNeighbors(x, y)     // alive neighbor count
+
+			// actually apply the current rules
+			nextstate := game.CheckRule(state, neighbors)
+
+			// change state of current cell in next grid
+			game.Grids[next].Data[y][x] = nextstate
+		}
+	}
+
+	// calculate triangles for rendering
+	game.UpdateTriangles()
+
+	// switch grid for rendering
+	game.Index ^= 1
+
+	game.Elapsed = 0
+
+	if game.Debug {
+		game.Grids[next].Dump()
+	}
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Update() error {
+	game.UpdateCells()
+
+	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeySpace) {
+		game.Pause = !game.Pause
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (game *Game) ClearVertices() {
+	// FIXME: fails
+	for i := 0; i < len(game.Vertices); i++ {
+		game.Vertices[i] = ebiten.Vertex{}
+		// game.Vertices[i].DstX = 0
+		// game.Vertices[i].DstY = 1
+	}
+
+	game.Indices = game.Indices[:len(game.Indices)]
+}
+
+// create the triangles needed for rendering. Actual rendering doesn't
+// happen here but in Draw()
+func (game *Game) UpdateTriangles() {
+	var base uint16 = 0
+	var index uint16 = 0
+
+	idx := 0
+
+	// iterate over every cell
+	for celly := 0; celly < game.Height; celly++ {
+		for cellx := 0; cellx < game.Width; cellx++ {
+
+			// if the cell is alife
+			if game.Grids[game.Index].Data[celly][cellx] == 1 {
+
+				/* iterate over the cell's corners:
+				0   1
+
+				2   3
+				*/
+				for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+					for j := 0; j < 2; j++ {
+
+						// calculate the corner position
+						x := (cellx * game.Cellsize) + (i * game.Cellsize) + 1
+						y := (celly * game.Cellsize) + (j * game.Cellsize) + 1
+
+						if i == 1 {
+							x -= 1
+						}
+						if j == 1 {
+							y -= 1
+						}
+
+						// setup the vertex
+						game.Vertices[idx].DstX = float32(x)
+						game.Vertices[idx].DstY = float32(y)
+						game.Vertices[idx].SrcX = 1
+						game.Vertices[idx].SrcY = 1
+						game.Vertices[idx].ColorR = float32(game.Black.R)
+						game.Vertices[idx].ColorG = float32(game.Black.G)
+						game.Vertices[idx].ColorB = float32(game.Black.B)
+						game.Vertices[idx].ColorA = 1
+
+						idx++
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// indices for first triangle
+			game.Indices[index] = base
+			game.Indices[index+1] = base + 1
+			game.Indices[index+2] = base + 3
+
+			// for the second one
+			game.Indices[index+3] = base
+			game.Indices[index+4] = base + 2
+			game.Indices[index+5] = base + 3
+
+			index += 6 // 3 indicies per triangle
+
+			base += 4 // 4 vertices per cell
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
+	op := &ebiten.DrawImageOptions{}
+
+	op.GeoM.Translate(0, 0)
+	screen.DrawImage(game.Cache, op)
+
+	triop := &ebiten.DrawTrianglesOptions{}
+	screen.DrawTriangles(game.Vertices, game.Indices, blackSubImage, triop)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	size := 200
+
+	game := &Game{
+		Width:    size,
+		Height:   size,
+		Cellsize: 4,
+		Density:  5,
+		TPG:      5,
+		Debug:    true,
+	}
+
+	game.ScreenWidth = game.Width * game.Cellsize
+	game.ScreenHeight = game.Height * game.Cellsize
+
+	game.Init()
+
+	ebiten.SetWindowSize(game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight)
+	ebiten.SetWindowTitle("triangle conway's game of life")
+	ebiten.SetWindowResizingMode(ebiten.WindowResizingModeEnabled)
+
+	fd, err := os.Create("cpu.profile")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer fd.Close()
+
+	pprof.StartCPUProfile(fd)
+	defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+
+	if err := ebiten.RunGame(game); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

various-tests/perf-1dim/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module perf
+
+go 1.22

various-tests/perf-1dim/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"runtime/pprof"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	dim     int  = 1500
+	loops   int  = 5000
+	density int  = 8
+	debug   bool = false
+)
+
+var max int
+
+// https://dev.to/chigbeef_77/bool-int-but-stupid-in-go-3jb3
+func bool2int(b bool) int {
+	return int(*(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)))
+}
+
+func Count(grid []bool, x, y int) int {
+	var sum int
+
+	for nbgX := -1; nbgX < 2; nbgX++ {
+		for nbgY := -1; nbgY < 2; nbgY++ {
+			var col, row int
+
+			if x+nbgX < 0 || x+nbgX >= dim || y+nbgY < 0 || y+nbgY >= dim {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			col = x + nbgX
+			row = y + nbgY
+
+			state := grid[row*col]
+			intstate := bool2int(state)
+			sum += intstate
+		}
+	}
+
+	sum -= bool2int(grid[y*x])
+
+	return sum
+}
+
+func Init() []bool {
+	max = dim * dim
+
+	grid := make([]bool, max)
+
+	for y := 0; y < dim; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < dim; x++ {
+			if rand.Intn(density) == 1 {
+				grid[y*x] = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return grid
+}
+
+func Loop(grid []bool) {
+	c := 0
+	for i := 0; i < loops; i++ {
+		for y := 0; y < dim; y++ {
+			for x := 0; x < dim; x++ {
+				state := grid[y*x]
+				neighbors := Count(grid, x, y)
+				if state && neighbors > 1 {
+					if debug {
+						fmt.Printf("Loop %d - cell at %d,%d is %t and has %d living neighbors\n", i, x, y, state, neighbors)
+					}
+					c = 1
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c > 1 {
+		c = 0
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// enable  cpu profiling. Do  NOT use q  to stop the  game but
+	// close the window to get a profile
+	fd, err := os.Create("cpu.profile")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer fd.Close()
+
+	pprof.StartCPUProfile(fd)
+	defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+
+	// init
+	grid := Init()
+
+	// main loop
+	Loop(grid)
+}

various-tests/perf-2dim-pointers-all-array/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module perf
+
+go 1.22

various-tests/perf-2dim-pointers-all-array/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"runtime/pprof"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	max     int  = 1500
+	loops   int  = 5000
+	density int  = 8
+	debug   bool = false
+)
+
+type Cell struct {
+	State         bool
+	Neighbors     [8]*Cell
+	NeighborCount int
+}
+
+type Grid [1500][1500]Cell
+
+// https://dev.to/chigbeef_77/bool-int-but-stupid-in-go-3jb3
+func bool2int(b bool) int {
+	return int(*(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)))
+}
+
+func (cell *Cell) Count(x, y int) {
+	cell.NeighborCount = 0
+
+	for _, neighbor := range cell.Neighbors {
+		cell.NeighborCount += bool2int(neighbor.State)
+	}
+}
+
+func SetNeighbors(grid Grid, x, y int) {
+	cells := []*Cell{}
+	deadcell := &Cell{}
+
+	for nbgX := -1; nbgX < 2; nbgX++ {
+		for nbgY := -1; nbgY < 2; nbgY++ {
+			var col, row int
+
+			if x+nbgX < 0 || x+nbgX >= max || y+nbgY < 0 || y+nbgY >= max {
+				cells = append(cells, deadcell)
+			} else {
+
+				col = x + nbgX
+				row = y + nbgY
+
+				if col == x && row == y {
+					// do not add self
+					continue
+				}
+
+				cells = append(cells, &grid[row][col])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for idx, cell := range cells {
+		grid[y][x].Neighbors[idx] = cell
+	}
+}
+
+func Init() Grid {
+	grid := Grid{}
+
+	for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+			if rand.Intn(density) == 1 {
+				grid[y][x].State = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+			SetNeighbors(grid, x, y)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return grid
+}
+
+func Loop(grid Grid) {
+	c := 0
+	for i := 0; i < loops; i++ {
+		for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+			for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+				cell := &grid[y][x]
+				state := cell.State
+
+				cell.Count(x, y)
+
+				if state && cell.NeighborCount > 1 {
+					if debug {
+						fmt.Printf(
+							"Loop %d - cell at %d,%d is %t and has %d living neighbors\n",
+							i, x, y, state, cell.NeighborCount)
+					}
+					c = 1
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c > 1 {
+		c = 0
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// enable  cpu profiling. Do  NOT use q  to stop the  game but
+	// close the window to get a profile
+	fd, err := os.Create("cpu.profile")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer fd.Close()
+
+	pprof.StartCPUProfile(fd)
+	defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+
+	// init
+	grid := Init()
+
+	// main loop
+	loopstart := time.Now()
+
+	Loop(grid)
+
+	loopend := time.Now()
+	diff := loopstart.Sub(loopend)
+	fmt.Printf("Loop took %.04f\n", diff.Seconds())
+}

various-tests/perf-2dim-pointers-array/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module perf
+
+go 1.22

various-tests/perf-2dim-pointers-array/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"runtime/pprof"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	max     int  = 1500
+	loops   int  = 5000
+	density int  = 8
+	debug   bool = false
+)
+
+type Cell struct {
+	State         bool
+	Neighbors     [8]*Cell
+	NeighborCount int
+}
+
+// https://dev.to/chigbeef_77/bool-int-but-stupid-in-go-3jb3
+func bool2int(b bool) int {
+	return int(*(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)))
+}
+
+func (cell *Cell) Count(x, y int) {
+	cell.NeighborCount = 0
+
+	for _, neighbor := range cell.Neighbors {
+		cell.NeighborCount += bool2int(neighbor.State)
+	}
+}
+
+func SetNeighbors(grid [][]Cell, x, y int) {
+	cells := []*Cell{}
+	deadcell := &Cell{}
+
+	for nbgX := -1; nbgX < 2; nbgX++ {
+		for nbgY := -1; nbgY < 2; nbgY++ {
+			var col, row int
+
+			if x+nbgX < 0 || x+nbgX >= max || y+nbgY < 0 || y+nbgY >= max {
+				cells = append(cells, deadcell)
+			} else {
+
+				col = x + nbgX
+				row = y + nbgY
+
+				if col == x && row == y {
+					// do not add self
+					continue
+				}
+
+				cells = append(cells, &grid[row][col])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for idx, cell := range cells {
+		grid[y][x].Neighbors[idx] = cell
+	}
+}
+
+func Init() [][]Cell {
+	grid := make([][]Cell, max)
+	for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+		grid[y] = make([]Cell, max)
+		for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+			if rand.Intn(density) == 1 {
+				grid[y][x].State = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+			SetNeighbors(grid, x, y)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return grid
+}
+
+func Loop(grid [][]Cell) {
+	c := 0
+	for i := 0; i < loops; i++ {
+		for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+			for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+				cell := &grid[y][x]
+				state := cell.State
+
+				cell.Count(x, y)
+
+				if state && cell.NeighborCount > 1 {
+					if debug {
+						fmt.Printf(
+							"Loop %d - cell at %d,%d is %t and has %d living neighbors\n",
+							i, x, y, state, cell.NeighborCount)
+					}
+					c = 1
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c > 1 {
+		c = 0
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// enable  cpu profiling. Do  NOT use q  to stop the  game but
+	// close the window to get a profile
+	fd, err := os.Create("cpu.profile")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer fd.Close()
+
+	pprof.StartCPUProfile(fd)
+	defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+
+	// init
+	grid := Init()
+
+	// main loop
+	loopstart := time.Now()
+
+	Loop(grid)
+
+	loopend := time.Now()
+	diff := loopstart.Sub(loopend)
+	fmt.Printf("Loop took %.04f\n", diff.Seconds())
+}

various-tests/perf-2dim-pointers/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module perf
+
+go 1.22

various-tests/perf-2dim-pointers/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"runtime/pprof"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	max     int  = 1500
+	loops   int  = 5000
+	density int  = 8
+	debug   bool = false
+)
+
+type Cell struct {
+	State         bool
+	Neighbors     []*Cell
+	NeighborCount int
+}
+
+// https://dev.to/chigbeef_77/bool-int-but-stupid-in-go-3jb3
+func bool2int(b bool) int {
+	return int(*(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)))
+}
+
+func (cell *Cell) Count(x, y int) {
+	cell.NeighborCount = 0
+
+	for _, neighbor := range cell.Neighbors {
+		cell.NeighborCount += bool2int(neighbor.State)
+	}
+}
+
+func SetNeighbors(grid [][]Cell, x, y int) {
+	cells := []*Cell{}
+
+	for nbgX := -1; nbgX < 2; nbgX++ {
+		for nbgY := -1; nbgY < 2; nbgY++ {
+			var col, row int
+
+			if x+nbgX < 0 || x+nbgX >= max || y+nbgY < 0 || y+nbgY >= max {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			col = x + nbgX
+			row = y + nbgY
+
+			if col == x && row == y {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			cells = append(cells, &grid[row][col])
+		}
+	}
+
+	grid[y][x].Neighbors = make([]*Cell, len(cells))
+	for idx, cell := range cells {
+		grid[y][x].Neighbors[idx] = cell
+	}
+}
+
+func Init() [][]Cell {
+	grid := make([][]Cell, max)
+	for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+		grid[y] = make([]Cell, max)
+		for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+			if rand.Intn(density) == 1 {
+				grid[y][x].State = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+			SetNeighbors(grid, x, y)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return grid
+}
+
+func Loop(grid [][]Cell) {
+	c := 0
+	for i := 0; i < loops; i++ {
+		for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+			for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+				cell := &grid[y][x]
+				state := cell.State
+
+				cell.Count(x, y)
+
+				if state && cell.NeighborCount > 1 {
+					if debug {
+						fmt.Printf(
+							"Loop %d - cell at %d,%d is %t and has %d living neighbors\n",
+							i, x, y, state, cell.NeighborCount)
+					}
+					c = 1
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c > 1 {
+		c = 0
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// enable  cpu profiling. Do  NOT use q  to stop the  game but
+	// close the window to get a profile
+	fd, err := os.Create("cpu.profile")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer fd.Close()
+
+	pprof.StartCPUProfile(fd)
+	defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+
+	// init
+	grid := Init()
+
+	// main loop
+	loopstart := time.Now()
+
+	Loop(grid)
+
+	loopend := time.Now()
+	diff := loopstart.Sub(loopend)
+	fmt.Printf("Loop took %.04f\n", diff.Seconds())
+}

various-tests/perf-2dim/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module perf
+
+go 1.22

various-tests/perf-2dim/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"runtime/pprof"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	max     int  = 1500
+	loops   int  = 5000
+	density int  = 8
+	debug   bool = false
+)
+
+// https://dev.to/chigbeef_77/bool-int-but-stupid-in-go-3jb3
+func bool2int(b bool) int {
+	return int(*(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)))
+}
+
+func Count(grid [][]bool, x, y int) int {
+	var sum int
+
+	for nbgX := -1; nbgX < 2; nbgX++ {
+		for nbgY := -1; nbgY < 2; nbgY++ {
+			var col, row int
+
+			if x+nbgX < 0 || x+nbgX >= max || y+nbgY < 0 || y+nbgY >= max {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			col = x + nbgX
+			row = y + nbgY
+
+			state := grid[row][col]
+			intstate := bool2int(state)
+			sum += intstate
+		}
+	}
+
+	sum -= bool2int(grid[y][x])
+
+	return sum
+}
+
+func Init() [][]bool {
+	grid := make([][]bool, max)
+	for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+		grid[y] = make([]bool, max)
+		for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+			if rand.Intn(density) == 1 {
+				grid[y][x] = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return grid
+}
+
+func Loop(grid [][]bool) {
+	c := 0
+	for i := 0; i < loops; i++ {
+		for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+			for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+				state := grid[y][x]
+				neighbors := Count(grid, x, y)
+				if state && neighbors > 1 {
+					if debug {
+						fmt.Printf("Loop %d - cell at %d,%d is %t and has %d living neighbors\n", i, x, y, state, neighbors)
+					}
+					c = 1
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c > 1 {
+		c = 0
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// enable  cpu profiling. Do  NOT use q  to stop the  game but
+	// close the window to get a profile
+	fd, err := os.Create("cpu.profile")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer fd.Close()
+
+	pprof.StartCPUProfile(fd)
+	defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+
+	// init
+	grid := Init()
+
+	// main loop
+	Loop(grid)
+}

various-tests/perf-ecs/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module perf
+
+go 1.22
+
+require github.com/mlange-42/arche v0.13.0 // indirect

various-tests/perf-ecs/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+github.com/mlange-42/arche v0.13.0 h1:ef0fu9qC2KIr8wIlVs+CgeQ5CSUJ8A1Hut6nXYdf+xk=
+github.com/mlange-42/arche v0.13.0/go.mod h1:bFktKnvGDj2kP01xar79z0hKwGHdnoaEZR8HWmJkIyU=

various-tests/perf-ecs/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"runtime/pprof"
+
+	"github.com/mlange-42/arche/ecs"
+	"github.com/mlange-42/arche/generic"
+)
+
+const (
+	max     int  = 1500
+	loops   int  = 5000
+	density int  = 8
+	debug   bool = false
+)
+
+// components
+type Pos struct {
+	X, Y, GridX, GridY int
+}
+
+type Cell struct {
+	State     bool
+	Neighbors [8]ecs.Entity
+}
+
+type ECS struct {
+	World  *ecs.World
+	Filter *generic.Filter2[Pos, Cell]
+	Map    *generic.Map2[Pos, Cell]
+}
+
+func (cell *Cell) NeighborCount(ECS *ECS) int {
+	sum := 0
+
+	for _, neighbor := range cell.Neighbors {
+		if ECS.World.Alive(neighbor) {
+			_, cel := ECS.Map.Get(neighbor)
+			if cel.State {
+				sum++
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sum
+}
+
+func Loop(ECS *ECS) {
+	c := 0
+
+	for i := 0; i < loops; i++ {
+		query := ECS.Filter.Query(ECS.World)
+
+		for query.Next() {
+			_, cel := query.Get()
+			if cel.State && cel.NeighborCount(ECS) > 1 {
+				c = 1
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c > 1 {
+		c = 0
+	}
+}
+
+func SetupWorld() *ECS {
+	world := ecs.NewWorld()
+
+	builder := generic.NewMap2[Pos, Cell](&world)
+
+	// we need a temporary grid in order to find out neighbors
+	grid := [max][max]ecs.Entity{}
+
+	// setup entities
+	for y := 0; y < max; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < max; x++ {
+			e := builder.New()
+			pos, cell := builder.Get(e)
+			pos.X = x
+			pos.Y = y // pos.GridX = x*cellsize
+
+			cell.State = false
+			if rand.Intn(density) == 1 {
+				cell.State = true
+			}
+
+			// store to tmp grid
+			grid[y][x] = e
+		}
+	}
+
+	// global filter
+	filter := generic.NewFilter2[Pos, Cell]()
+
+	query := filter.Query(&world)
+
+	for query.Next() {
+		pos, cel := query.Get()
+
+		n := 0
+		for x := -1; x < 2; x++ {
+			for y := -1; y < 2; y++ {
+				XX := pos.X + x
+				YY := pos.Y + y
+				if XX < 0 || XX >= max || YY < 0 || YY >= max {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if pos.X != XX || pos.Y != YY {
+					cel.Neighbors[n] = grid[XX][YY]
+					n++
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &ECS{World: &world, Filter: filter, Map: &builder}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// enable  cpu profiling. Do  NOT use q  to stop the  game but
+	// close the window to get a profile
+	fd, err := os.Create("cpu.profile")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer fd.Close()
+
+	pprof.StartCPUProfile(fd)
+	defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+
+	// init
+	fmt.Print("Setup ... ")
+	ECS := SetupWorld()
+	fmt.Println("done")
+	fmt.Println(ECS.World.Stats())
+
+	// main loop
+	Loop(ECS)
+}

various-tests/writepixel-pointers-int/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+module testgol
+
+go 1.22
+
+require (
+	github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4 // indirect
+	github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 // indirect
+)

various-tests/writepixel-pointers-int/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895 h1:48bCqKTuD7Z0UovDfvpCn7wZ0GUZ+yosIteNDthn3FU=
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895/go.mod h1:XZdLv05c5hOZm3fM2NlJ92FyEZjnslcMcNRrhxs8+8M=
+github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 h1:5J4U0kXF+pv/DhiXt5/lTz0eO5ogJ1iXb8Yj1yReDqE=
+github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0/go.mod h1:hTTBTvVYWKBuxPr7peweneWdkUwEuHuB3C1R/ielR1A=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0 h1:HPZpl61edMGCEW6XK2nsR6+7AnJ3unUxpTZBkkIXnMc=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0/go.mod h1:ah1In8AOtksoNK6yk5z1HTJeUkC1Ez4Wk2idgGslMwQ=
+github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4 h1:X+heODRQ3Ie9F9QFjm24gEZqQd5FSfR9XuT2XfHwgf8=
+github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4/go.mod h1:H2pHVgq29rfm5yeQ7jzWOM3VHsjo7/AyucODNLOhsVY=
+github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1 h1:bE/r8ZZtSv7l9gk6nU0mYx51aXrvnyb44892TwSaqS4=
+github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1/go.mod h1:nrhwO0FX/enq75I7Y7G8iN1ubpSGZEiA3v9e9GyRFlk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 h1:Od9JTbYCk261bKm4M/mw7AklTlFYIa0bIp9BgSm1S8Y=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=

various-tests/writepixel-pointers-int/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime/pprof"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/inpututil"
+)
+
+type Images struct {
+	Black, White *ebiten.Image
+}
+
+type Cell struct {
+	State         uint8
+	Neighbors     [8]*Cell
+	NeighborCount int
+}
+
+func bool2int(b bool) int {
+	return int(*(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)))
+}
+
+func (cell *Cell) Count(x, y int) uint8 {
+	var sum uint8
+
+	for idx := 0; idx < cell.NeighborCount; idx++ {
+		sum += cell.Neighbors[idx].State
+	}
+
+	return sum
+}
+
+func SetNeighbors(grid [][]*Cell, x, y, width, height int) {
+	idx := 0
+	for nbgX := -1; nbgX < 2; nbgX++ {
+		for nbgY := -1; nbgY < 2; nbgY++ {
+			var col, row int
+
+			if x+nbgX < 0 || x+nbgX >= width || y+nbgY < 0 || y+nbgY >= height {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			col = x + nbgX
+			row = y + nbgY
+
+			if col == x && row == y {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			grid[y][x].Neighbors[idx] = grid[row][col]
+			grid[y][x].NeighborCount++
+			idx++
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type Grid struct {
+	Data                   [][]*Cell
+	Width, Height, Density int
+}
+
+// Create new empty grid and allocate Data according to provided dimensions
+func NewGrid(width, height, density int) *Grid {
+	grid := &Grid{
+		Height:  height,
+		Width:   width,
+		Density: density,
+		Data:    make([][]*Cell, height),
+	}
+
+	for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
+		grid.Data[y] = make([]*Cell, width)
+		for x := 0; x < width; x++ {
+			grid.Data[y][x] = &Cell{}
+
+			if rand.Intn(density) == 1 {
+				grid.Data[y][x].State = 1
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < width; x++ {
+			SetNeighbors(grid.Data, x, y, width, height)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return grid
+}
+
+type Game struct {
+	Width, Height, Cellsize, Density int
+	ScreenWidth, ScreenHeight        int
+	Grids                            []*Grid
+	Index                            int
+	Elapsed                          int64
+	TPG                              int64 // adjust game speed independently of TPS
+	Pause, Debug, Profile, Gridlines bool
+	Pixels                           []byte
+	OffScreen                        *ebiten.Image
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Layout(outsideWidth, outsideHeight int) (int, int) {
+	return game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight
+}
+
+// live console output of the grid
+func (game *Game) DebugDump() {
+	cmd := exec.Command("clear")
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Run()
+
+	if game.Debug {
+		for y := 0; y < game.Height; y++ {
+			for x := 0; x < game.Width; x++ {
+				if game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x].State == 1 {
+					fmt.Print("XX")
+				} else {
+					fmt.Print("  ")
+				}
+			}
+			fmt.Println()
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("FPS: %0.2f\n", ebiten.ActualTPS())
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Init() {
+	// setup two grids, one for display, one for next state
+	grida := NewGrid(game.Width, game.Height, game.Density)
+	gridb := NewGrid(game.Width, game.Height, game.Density)
+
+	game.Grids = []*Grid{
+		grida,
+		gridb,
+	}
+
+	game.Pixels = make([]byte, game.ScreenWidth*game.ScreenHeight*4)
+
+	game.OffScreen = ebiten.NewImage(game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight)
+}
+
+// count the living neighbors of a cell
+func (game *Game) CountNeighbors(x, y int) uint8 {
+	return game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x].Count(x, y)
+}
+
+// the heart of the game
+func (game *Game) CheckRule(state uint8, neighbors uint8) uint8 {
+	var nextstate uint8
+
+	if state == 1 && neighbors == 3 {
+		nextstate = 1
+	} else if state == 1 && (neighbors == 2 || neighbors == 3) {
+		nextstate = 1
+	} else {
+		nextstate = 0
+	}
+
+	return nextstate
+}
+
+// we only  update the cells if  we are not  in pause state or  if the
+// game timer (TPG) is elapsed.
+func (game *Game) UpdateCells() {
+	if game.Pause {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if game.Elapsed < game.TPG {
+		game.Elapsed++
+		return
+	}
+
+	// next grid index. we only have to, so we just xor it
+	next := game.Index ^ 1
+
+	// calculate cell life state, this is the actual game of life
+	for y := 0; y < game.Height; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < game.Width; x++ {
+			state := game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x].State
+			neighbors := game.CountNeighbors(x, y)
+
+			// actually apply the current rules
+			nextstate := game.CheckRule(state, neighbors)
+
+			// change state of current cell in next grid
+			game.Grids[next].Data[y][x].State = nextstate
+		}
+	}
+
+	// switch grid for rendering
+	game.Index ^= 1
+
+	game.Elapsed = 0
+
+	game.UpdatePixels()
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Update() error {
+	game.UpdateCells()
+
+	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeySpace) {
+		game.Pause = !game.Pause
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+/*
+*
+r, g, b := color(it)
+
+	78             p := 4 * (i + j*screenWidth)
+	79             gm.offscreenPix[p] = r
+	80             gm.offscreenPix[p+1] = g
+	81             gm.offscreenPix[p+2] = b
+	82             gm.offscreenPix[p+3] = 0xff
+*/
+func (game *Game) UpdatePixels() {
+	var col byte
+
+	gridx := 0
+	gridy := 0
+	idx := 0
+
+	for y := 0; y < game.ScreenHeight; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < game.ScreenWidth; x++ {
+			gridx = x / game.Cellsize
+			gridy = y / game.Cellsize
+
+			col = 0xff
+			if game.Grids[game.Index].Data[gridy][gridx].State == 1 {
+				col = 0x0
+			}
+
+			if game.Gridlines {
+				if x%game.Cellsize == 0 || y%game.Cellsize == 0 {
+					col = 128
+				}
+			}
+
+			idx = 4 * (x + y*game.ScreenWidth)
+
+			game.Pixels[idx] = col
+			game.Pixels[idx+1] = col
+			game.Pixels[idx+2] = col
+			game.Pixels[idx+3] = 0xff
+
+			idx++
+		}
+	}
+
+	game.OffScreen.WritePixels(game.Pixels)
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
+	screen.DrawImage(game.OffScreen, nil)
+	game.DebugDump()
+}
+
+func main() {
+	size := 1500
+
+	game := &Game{
+		Width:     size,
+		Height:    size,
+		Cellsize:  4,
+		Density:   8,
+		TPG:       10,
+		Debug:     false,
+		Profile:   true,
+		Gridlines: false,
+	}
+
+	game.ScreenWidth = game.Width * game.Cellsize
+	game.ScreenHeight = game.Height * game.Cellsize
+
+	game.Init()
+
+	ebiten.SetWindowSize(game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight)
+	ebiten.SetWindowTitle("triangle conway's game of life")
+	ebiten.SetWindowResizingMode(ebiten.WindowResizingModeEnabled)
+
+	if game.Profile {
+		fd, err := os.Create("cpu.profile")
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer fd.Close()
+
+		pprof.StartCPUProfile(fd)
+		defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+	}
+
+	if err := ebiten.RunGame(game); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

various-tests/writepixel-pointers/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+module testgol
+
+go 1.22
+
+require (
+	github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4 // indirect
+	github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 // indirect
+)

various-tests/writepixel-pointers/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895 h1:48bCqKTuD7Z0UovDfvpCn7wZ0GUZ+yosIteNDthn3FU=
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895/go.mod h1:XZdLv05c5hOZm3fM2NlJ92FyEZjnslcMcNRrhxs8+8M=
+github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 h1:5J4U0kXF+pv/DhiXt5/lTz0eO5ogJ1iXb8Yj1yReDqE=
+github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0/go.mod h1:hTTBTvVYWKBuxPr7peweneWdkUwEuHuB3C1R/ielR1A=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0 h1:HPZpl61edMGCEW6XK2nsR6+7AnJ3unUxpTZBkkIXnMc=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0/go.mod h1:ah1In8AOtksoNK6yk5z1HTJeUkC1Ez4Wk2idgGslMwQ=
+github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4 h1:X+heODRQ3Ie9F9QFjm24gEZqQd5FSfR9XuT2XfHwgf8=
+github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4/go.mod h1:H2pHVgq29rfm5yeQ7jzWOM3VHsjo7/AyucODNLOhsVY=
+github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1 h1:bE/r8ZZtSv7l9gk6nU0mYx51aXrvnyb44892TwSaqS4=
+github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1/go.mod h1:nrhwO0FX/enq75I7Y7G8iN1ubpSGZEiA3v9e9GyRFlk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 h1:Od9JTbYCk261bKm4M/mw7AklTlFYIa0bIp9BgSm1S8Y=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=

various-tests/writepixel-pointers/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime/pprof"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/inpututil"
+)
+
+type Images struct {
+	Black, White *ebiten.Image
+}
+
+type Cell struct {
+	State         bool
+	Neighbors     [8]*Cell
+	NeighborCount int
+}
+
+func bool2int(b bool) int {
+	return int(*(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)))
+}
+
+func (cell *Cell) Count(x, y int) int {
+	sum := 0
+
+	for idx := 0; idx < cell.NeighborCount; idx++ {
+		sum += bool2int(cell.Neighbors[idx].State)
+	}
+
+	return sum
+}
+
+func SetNeighbors(grid [][]*Cell, x, y, width, height int) {
+	idx := 0
+	for nbgX := -1; nbgX < 2; nbgX++ {
+		for nbgY := -1; nbgY < 2; nbgY++ {
+			var col, row int
+
+			if x+nbgX < 0 || x+nbgX >= width || y+nbgY < 0 || y+nbgY >= height {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			col = x + nbgX
+			row = y + nbgY
+
+			if col == x && row == y {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			grid[y][x].Neighbors[idx] = grid[row][col]
+			grid[y][x].NeighborCount++
+			idx++
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type Grid struct {
+	Data                   [][]*Cell
+	Width, Height, Density int
+}
+
+// Create new empty grid and allocate Data according to provided dimensions
+func NewGrid(width, height, density int) *Grid {
+	grid := &Grid{
+		Height:  height,
+		Width:   width,
+		Density: density,
+		Data:    make([][]*Cell, height),
+	}
+
+	for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
+		grid.Data[y] = make([]*Cell, width)
+		for x := 0; x < width; x++ {
+			grid.Data[y][x] = &Cell{}
+
+			if rand.Intn(density) == 1 {
+				grid.Data[y][x].State = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < width; x++ {
+			SetNeighbors(grid.Data, x, y, width, height)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return grid
+}
+
+type Game struct {
+	Width, Height, Cellsize, Density int
+	ScreenWidth, ScreenHeight        int
+	Grids                            []*Grid
+	Index                            int
+	Elapsed                          int64
+	TPG                              int64 // adjust game speed independently of TPS
+	Pause, Debug, Profile, Gridlines bool
+	Pixels                           []byte
+	OffScreen                        *ebiten.Image
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Layout(outsideWidth, outsideHeight int) (int, int) {
+	return game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight
+}
+
+// live console output of the grid
+func (game *Game) DebugDump() {
+	cmd := exec.Command("clear")
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Run()
+
+	if game.Debug {
+		for y := 0; y < game.Height; y++ {
+			for x := 0; x < game.Width; x++ {
+				if game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x].State {
+					fmt.Print("XX")
+				} else {
+					fmt.Print("  ")
+				}
+			}
+			fmt.Println()
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("FPS: %0.2f\n", ebiten.ActualTPS())
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Init() {
+	// setup two grids, one for display, one for next state
+	grida := NewGrid(game.Width, game.Height, game.Density)
+	gridb := NewGrid(game.Width, game.Height, game.Density)
+
+	game.Grids = []*Grid{
+		grida,
+		gridb,
+	}
+
+	game.Pixels = make([]byte, game.ScreenWidth*game.ScreenHeight*4)
+
+	game.OffScreen = ebiten.NewImage(game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight)
+}
+
+// count the living neighbors of a cell
+func (game *Game) CountNeighbors(x, y int) int {
+	return game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x].Count(x, y)
+}
+
+// the heart of the game
+func (game *Game) CheckRule(state bool, neighbors int) bool {
+	var nextstate bool
+
+	if state && neighbors == 3 {
+		nextstate = true
+	} else if state && (neighbors == 2 || neighbors == 3) {
+		nextstate = true
+	} else {
+		nextstate = false
+	}
+
+	return nextstate
+}
+
+// we only  update the cells if  we are not  in pause state or  if the
+// game timer (TPG) is elapsed.
+func (game *Game) UpdateCells() {
+	if game.Pause {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if game.Elapsed < game.TPG {
+		game.Elapsed++
+		return
+	}
+
+	// next grid index. we only have to, so we just xor it
+	next := game.Index ^ 1
+
+	// calculate cell life state, this is the actual game of life
+	for y := 0; y < game.Height; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < game.Width; x++ {
+			state := game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x].State
+			neighbors := game.CountNeighbors(x, y)
+
+			// actually apply the current rules
+			nextstate := game.CheckRule(state, neighbors)
+
+			// change state of current cell in next grid
+			game.Grids[next].Data[y][x].State = nextstate
+		}
+	}
+
+	// switch grid for rendering
+	game.Index ^= 1
+
+	game.Elapsed = 0
+
+	game.UpdatePixels()
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Update() error {
+	game.UpdateCells()
+
+	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeySpace) {
+		game.Pause = !game.Pause
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+/*
+*
+r, g, b := color(it)
+
+	78             p := 4 * (i + j*screenWidth)
+	79             gm.offscreenPix[p] = r
+	80             gm.offscreenPix[p+1] = g
+	81             gm.offscreenPix[p+2] = b
+	82             gm.offscreenPix[p+3] = 0xff
+*/
+func (game *Game) UpdatePixels() {
+	var col byte
+
+	gridx := 0
+	gridy := 0
+	idx := 0
+
+	for y := 0; y < game.ScreenHeight; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < game.ScreenWidth; x++ {
+			gridx = x / game.Cellsize
+			gridy = y / game.Cellsize
+
+			col = 0xff
+			if game.Grids[game.Index].Data[gridy][gridx].State {
+				col = 0x0
+			}
+
+			if game.Gridlines {
+				if x%game.Cellsize == 0 || y%game.Cellsize == 0 {
+					col = 128
+				}
+			}
+
+			idx = 4 * (x + y*game.ScreenWidth)
+
+			game.Pixels[idx] = col
+			game.Pixels[idx+1] = col
+			game.Pixels[idx+2] = col
+			game.Pixels[idx+3] = 0xff
+
+			idx++
+		}
+	}
+
+	game.OffScreen.WritePixels(game.Pixels)
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
+	screen.DrawImage(game.OffScreen, nil)
+	game.DebugDump()
+}
+
+func main() {
+	size := 1500
+
+	game := &Game{
+		Width:     size,
+		Height:    size,
+		Cellsize:  4,
+		Density:   8,
+		TPG:       10,
+		Debug:     false,
+		Profile:   true,
+		Gridlines: false,
+	}
+
+	game.ScreenWidth = game.Width * game.Cellsize
+	game.ScreenHeight = game.Height * game.Cellsize
+
+	game.Init()
+
+	ebiten.SetWindowSize(game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight)
+	ebiten.SetWindowTitle("triangle conway's game of life")
+	ebiten.SetWindowResizingMode(ebiten.WindowResizingModeEnabled)
+
+	if game.Profile {
+		fd, err := os.Create("cpu.profile")
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer fd.Close()
+
+		pprof.StartCPUProfile(fd)
+		defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+	}
+
+	if err := ebiten.RunGame(game); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

various-tests/writepixel/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+module testgol
+
+go 1.22
+
+require (
+	github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4 // indirect
+	github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 // indirect
+)

various-tests/writepixel/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895 h1:48bCqKTuD7Z0UovDfvpCn7wZ0GUZ+yosIteNDthn3FU=
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240518074828-e86332849895/go.mod h1:XZdLv05c5hOZm3fM2NlJ92FyEZjnslcMcNRrhxs8+8M=
+github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 h1:5J4U0kXF+pv/DhiXt5/lTz0eO5ogJ1iXb8Yj1yReDqE=
+github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0/go.mod h1:hTTBTvVYWKBuxPr7peweneWdkUwEuHuB3C1R/ielR1A=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0 h1:HPZpl61edMGCEW6XK2nsR6+7AnJ3unUxpTZBkkIXnMc=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.7.0/go.mod h1:ah1In8AOtksoNK6yk5z1HTJeUkC1Ez4Wk2idgGslMwQ=
+github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4 h1:X+heODRQ3Ie9F9QFjm24gEZqQd5FSfR9XuT2XfHwgf8=
+github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2 v2.7.4/go.mod h1:H2pHVgq29rfm5yeQ7jzWOM3VHsjo7/AyucODNLOhsVY=
+github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1 h1:bE/r8ZZtSv7l9gk6nU0mYx51aXrvnyb44892TwSaqS4=
+github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1/go.mod h1:nrhwO0FX/enq75I7Y7G8iN1ubpSGZEiA3v9e9GyRFlk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 h1:Od9JTbYCk261bKm4M/mw7AklTlFYIa0bIp9BgSm1S8Y=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=

various-tests/writepixel/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime/pprof"
+
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/inpututil"
+)
+
+type Images struct {
+	Black, White *ebiten.Image
+}
+
+type Grid struct {
+	Data                   [][]int64
+	Width, Height, Density int
+}
+
+// Create new empty grid and allocate Data according to provided dimensions
+func NewGrid(width, height, density int) *Grid {
+	grid := &Grid{
+		Height:  height,
+		Width:   width,
+		Density: density,
+		Data:    make([][]int64, height),
+	}
+
+	for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
+		grid.Data[y] = make([]int64, width)
+	}
+
+	return grid
+}
+
+type Game struct {
+	Width, Height, Cellsize, Density int
+	ScreenWidth, ScreenHeight        int
+	Grids                            []*Grid
+	Index                            int
+	Elapsed                          int64
+	TPG                              int64 // adjust game speed independently of TPS
+	Pause, Debug, Profile, Gridlines bool
+	Pixels                           []byte
+	OffScreen                        *ebiten.Image
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Layout(outsideWidth, outsideHeight int) (int, int) {
+	return game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight
+}
+
+// live console output of the grid
+func (game *Game) DebugDump() {
+	cmd := exec.Command("clear")
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Run()
+
+	if game.Debug {
+		for y := 0; y < game.Height; y++ {
+			for x := 0; x < game.Width; x++ {
+				if game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x] == 1 {
+					fmt.Print("XX")
+				} else {
+					fmt.Print("  ")
+				}
+			}
+			fmt.Println()
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("FPS: %0.2f\n", ebiten.ActualTPS())
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Init() {
+	// setup two grids, one for display, one for next state
+	grida := NewGrid(game.Width, game.Height, game.Density)
+	gridb := NewGrid(game.Width, game.Height, game.Density)
+
+	for y := 0; y < game.Height; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < game.Width; x++ {
+			if rand.Intn(game.Density) == 1 {
+				grida.Data[y][x] = 1
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	game.Grids = []*Grid{
+		grida,
+		gridb,
+	}
+
+	game.Pixels = make([]byte, game.ScreenWidth*game.ScreenHeight*4)
+
+	game.OffScreen = ebiten.NewImage(game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight)
+}
+
+// count the living neighbors of a cell
+func (game *Game) CountNeighbors(x, y int) int64 {
+	var sum int64
+
+	for nbgX := -1; nbgX < 2; nbgX++ {
+		for nbgY := -1; nbgY < 2; nbgY++ {
+			var col, row int
+
+			// Wrap  mode we look  at all the 8  neighbors surrounding
+			//  us.  In  case we  are  on an  edge we'll  look at  the
+			// neighbor on  the other side of the  grid, thus wrapping
+			// lookahead around using the mod() function.
+			col = (x + nbgX + game.Width) % game.Width
+			row = (y + nbgY + game.Height) % game.Height
+
+			sum += game.Grids[game.Index].Data[row][col]
+		}
+	}
+
+	// don't count ourselfes though
+	sum -= game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x]
+
+	return sum
+}
+
+// the heart of the game
+func (game *Game) CheckRule(state int64, neighbors int64) int64 {
+	var nextstate int64
+
+	if state == 0 && neighbors == 3 {
+		nextstate = 1
+	} else if state == 1 && (neighbors == 2 || neighbors == 3) {
+		nextstate = 1
+	} else {
+		nextstate = 0
+	}
+
+	return nextstate
+}
+
+// we only  update the cells if  we are not  in pause state or  if the
+// game timer (TPG) is elapsed.
+func (game *Game) UpdateCells() {
+	if game.Pause {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if game.Elapsed < game.TPG {
+		game.Elapsed++
+		return
+	}
+
+	// next grid index. we only have to, so we just xor it
+	next := game.Index ^ 1
+
+	// calculate cell life state, this is the actual game of life
+	for y := 0; y < game.Height; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < game.Width; x++ {
+			state := game.Grids[game.Index].Data[y][x] // 0|1 == dead or alive
+			neighbors := game.CountNeighbors(x, y)     // alive neighbor count
+
+			// actually apply the current rules
+			nextstate := game.CheckRule(state, neighbors)
+
+			// change state of current cell in next grid
+			game.Grids[next].Data[y][x] = nextstate
+		}
+	}
+
+	// switch grid for rendering
+	game.Index ^= 1
+
+	game.Elapsed = 0
+
+	game.UpdatePixels()
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Update() error {
+	game.UpdateCells()
+
+	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeySpace) {
+		game.Pause = !game.Pause
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+/*
+*
+r, g, b := color(it)
+
+	78             p := 4 * (i + j*screenWidth)
+	79             gm.offscreenPix[p] = r
+	80             gm.offscreenPix[p+1] = g
+	81             gm.offscreenPix[p+2] = b
+	82             gm.offscreenPix[p+3] = 0xff
+*/
+func (game *Game) UpdatePixels() {
+	var col byte
+
+	gridx := 0
+	gridy := 0
+	idx := 0
+
+	for y := 0; y < game.ScreenHeight; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < game.ScreenWidth; x++ {
+			gridx = x / game.Cellsize
+			gridy = y / game.Cellsize
+
+			col = 0xff
+			if game.Grids[game.Index].Data[gridy][gridx] == 1 {
+				col = 0x0
+			}
+
+			if game.Gridlines {
+				if x%game.Cellsize == 0 || y%game.Cellsize == 0 {
+					col = 128
+				}
+			}
+
+			idx = 4 * (x + y*game.ScreenWidth)
+
+			game.Pixels[idx] = col
+			game.Pixels[idx+1] = col
+			game.Pixels[idx+2] = col
+			game.Pixels[idx+3] = 0xff
+
+			idx++
+		}
+	}
+
+	game.OffScreen.WritePixels(game.Pixels)
+}
+
+func (game *Game) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
+	screen.DrawImage(game.OffScreen, nil)
+	game.DebugDump()
+}
+
+func main() {
+	size := 1500
+
+	game := &Game{
+		Width:     size,
+		Height:    size,
+		Cellsize:  4,
+		Density:   8,
+		TPG:       10,
+		Debug:     false,
+		Profile:   true,
+		Gridlines: false,
+	}
+
+	game.ScreenWidth = game.Width * game.Cellsize
+	game.ScreenHeight = game.Height * game.Cellsize
+
+	game.Init()
+
+	ebiten.SetWindowSize(game.ScreenWidth, game.ScreenHeight)
+	ebiten.SetWindowTitle("triangle conway's game of life")
+	ebiten.SetWindowResizingMode(ebiten.WindowResizingModeEnabled)
+
+	if game.Profile {
+		fd, err := os.Create("cpu.profile")
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer fd.Close()
+
+		pprof.StartCPUProfile(fd)
+		defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
+	}
+
+	if err := ebiten.RunGame(game); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

widgets.go

@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"image/color"
-
-	"github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui/image"
-	"github.com/ebitenui/ebitenui/widget"
-)
-
-func NewMenuButton(
-	text string,
-	action func(args *widget.ButtonClickedEventArgs)) *widget.Button {
-
-	buttonImage, _ := LoadButtonImage()
-
-	return widget.NewButton(
-		widget.ButtonOpts.WidgetOpts(
-			widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(widget.RowLayoutData{
-				Position:  widget.RowLayoutPositionCenter,
-				Stretch:   true,
-				MaxWidth:  200,
-				MaxHeight: 100,
-			}),
-		),
-
-		widget.ButtonOpts.Image(buttonImage),
-
-		widget.ButtonOpts.Text(text, *FontRenderer.FontSmall, &widget.ButtonTextColor{
-			Idle: color.NRGBA{0xdf, 0xf4, 0xff, 0xff},
-		}),
-
-		widget.ButtonOpts.TextPadding(widget.Insets{
-			Left:   5,
-			Right:  5,
-			Top:    5,
-			Bottom: 5,
-		}),
-
-		widget.ButtonOpts.ClickedHandler(action),
-	)
-}
-
-func NewCheckbox(
-	text string,
-	action func(args *widget.CheckboxChangedEventArgs)) *widget.LabeledCheckbox {
-
-	checkboxImage, _ := LoadCheckboxImage()
-	buttonImage, _ := LoadButtonImage()
-
-	return widget.NewLabeledCheckbox(
-		widget.LabeledCheckboxOpts.CheckboxOpts(
-			widget.CheckboxOpts.ButtonOpts(
-				widget.ButtonOpts.Image(buttonImage),
-			),
-			widget.CheckboxOpts.Image(checkboxImage),
-			widget.CheckboxOpts.StateChangedHandler(action),
-		),
-		widget.LabeledCheckboxOpts.LabelOpts(
-			widget.LabelOpts.Text(text, *FontRenderer.FontSmall,
-				&widget.LabelColor{
-					Idle: color.NRGBA{0xdf, 0xf4, 0xff, 0xff},
-				}),
-		),
-	)
-}
-
-func NewSeparator() widget.PreferredSizeLocateableWidget {
-	c := widget.NewContainer(
-		widget.ContainerOpts.Layout(widget.NewRowLayout(
-			widget.RowLayoutOpts.Direction(widget.DirectionVertical),
-			widget.RowLayoutOpts.Padding(widget.Insets{
-				Top:    3,
-				Bottom: 0,
-			}))),
-		widget.ContainerOpts.WidgetOpts(
-			widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(
-				widget.RowLayoutData{Stretch: true})))
-	return c
-}
-
-type RowContainer struct {
-	Root *widget.Container
-	Row  *widget.Container
-}
-
-func (container *RowContainer) AddChild(child widget.PreferredSizeLocateableWidget) {
-	container.Row.AddChild(child)
-}
-
-func (container *RowContainer) Container() *widget.Container {
-	return container.Root
-}
-
-// set arg to false if no background needed
-func NewRowContainer(title string) *RowContainer {
-	buttonImageHover := image.NewNineSlice(Assets["button-9slice3"], [3]int{3, 3, 3}, [3]int{3, 3, 3})
-
-	uiContainer := widget.NewContainer(
-		widget.ContainerOpts.Layout(widget.NewAnchorLayout()),
-	)
-
-	titleLabel := widget.NewText(
-		widget.TextOpts.WidgetOpts(widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(widget.RowLayoutData{
-			Stretch: true,
-		})),
-		widget.TextOpts.Text(title, *FontRenderer.FontNormal, color.NRGBA{0xdf, 0xf4, 0xff, 0xff}))
-
-	rowContainer := widget.NewContainer(
-		widget.ContainerOpts.WidgetOpts(
-			widget.WidgetOpts.LayoutData(widget.AnchorLayoutData{
-				HorizontalPosition: widget.AnchorLayoutPositionCenter,
-				VerticalPosition:   widget.AnchorLayoutPositionCenter,
-			}),
-		),
-		widget.ContainerOpts.Layout(widget.NewRowLayout(
-			widget.RowLayoutOpts.Direction(widget.DirectionVertical),
-			widget.RowLayoutOpts.Padding(widget.NewInsetsSimple(8)),
-			widget.RowLayoutOpts.Spacing(0),
-		)),
-		widget.ContainerOpts.BackgroundImage(buttonImageHover),
-	)
-
-	rowContainer.AddChild(titleLabel)
-
-	uiContainer.AddChild(rowContainer)
-
-	return &RowContainer{
-		Root: uiContainer,
-		Row:  rowContainer,
-	}
-}
-
-func LoadButtonImage() (*widget.ButtonImage, error) {
-	idle := image.NewNineSlice(Assets["button-9slice2"], [3]int{3, 3, 3}, [3]int{3, 3, 3})
-	hover := image.NewNineSlice(Assets["button-9slice3"], [3]int{3, 3, 3}, [3]int{3, 3, 3})
-	pressed := image.NewNineSlice(Assets["button-9slice1"], [3]int{3, 3, 3}, [3]int{3, 3, 3})
-
-	return &widget.ButtonImage{
-		Idle:    idle,
-		Hover:   hover,
-		Pressed: pressed,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func LoadCheckboxImage() (*widget.CheckboxGraphicImage, error) {
-	unchecked := &widget.ButtonImageImage{
-		Idle:     Assets["checkbox-9slice2"],
-		Disabled: Assets["checkbox-9slice2"],
-	}
-
-	checked := &widget.ButtonImageImage{
-		Idle:     Assets["checkbox-9slice1"],
-		Disabled: Assets["checkbox-9slice1"],
-	}
-
-	return &widget.CheckboxGraphicImage{
-		Checked:   checked,
-		Unchecked: unchecked,
-		Greyed:    unchecked,
-	}, nil
-}